Question 1

Whereas most archaeologists have traditionally found employment in universities or museums, many are now working as applied archaeologists specializing in what is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The term "applied archaeologists" refers to those who work in the field of cultural resource management, which involves the practical application of archaeological research to address modern concerns related to the preservation and management of cultural heritage sites. Choice A is not a recognized term in the field, choice C is too general and does not capture the specific field of applied archaeology, and choice D is not a recognized term and does not describe the work of applied archaeologists.

Question 2

Which of the following did John Van Willigen and V. C. Channa recommend for decreasing the incidence of dowry death in India?

Accepted Answer

John Van Willigen and V. C. Channa recommended passing a requirement for universal marriage registration and licensing as a measure to decrease the incidence of dowry death in India.

Question 3

The word "metaculture" refers to a __________.

Accepted Answer

"Metaculture" refers to a culture that is universal and pluralistic, sharing universal values that transcend national or ethnic boundaries. It is not limited to a specific group or region, but rather represents a global cultural framework. Options A, B, and C all refer to specific cultures, which do not fit the definition of metaculture.

Question 4

What role is an applied anthropologist fulfilling when he or she provides cultural information gleaned while doing research to an agency or government that wants to implement change?

Accepted Answer

When an applied anthropologist provides cultural information to an agency or government that wants to implement change, they are acting as an informant, conveying their research findings and insights to the decision makers who need that information to make informed choices about policy and practice.

Question 5

Forensic anthropologists have played an important role in __________.

Accepted Answer

Forensic anthropologists have specialized knowledge and expertise in identifying human remains, which has been crucial in identifying victims from mass graves in places such as South America and Eastern Europe. While they may have played a role in criminal investigations and military tactics, those are not the primary areas where they have made significant contributions. The reference to bringing Nazi criminals to justice immediately following World War II is also historically inaccurate, as much of the forensic work during that period was done by medical doctors and other professionals.

Question 6

What is Le Projet du Garbage?

Accepted Answer

Le Projet du Garbage translates to "The Garbage Project" in English, and it is a project that analyzes contemporary behaviors by studying what people throw away. The project was initiated by William Rathje, an archaeologist who believed that studying modern-day trash can reveal valuable insights about our society and culture.

Question 7

An applied anthropologist who, rather than just providing data about a culture to an organization or government, engages in the actual development of policy is performing which of the following roles?

Accepted Answer

An analyst not only provides data but also interprets and uses that data to help develop policies, which aligns with the role described.

Question 8

Private agencies and governments often employ anthropologists to provide them with an indication of the possible consequences of the planned change they are about to implement. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

This is called a social-impact study, which examines the potential effects of a planned change on a particular community or group. Anthropologists can provide expertise on the cultural and social contexts of the group, helping policymakers to better understand the implications of their actions.

Question 9

Sometimes applied anthropologists become engaged in the development of policy. This type of applied anthropology occurred when Allan Holmberg of Cornell University became the new patron to a group of Peruvian Indians who lived on a hacienda. This undertaking was called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The Vicos Project was the undertaking led by Allan Holmberg of Cornell University in which he became a patron to a group of Peruvian Indians who lived on a hacienda. This project aimed to improve the lives of the indigenous people and involved the development of policies and programs to address their social and economic needs.

Question 10

Problems sometimes arise between private developers and the people who will be affected by a project. In such cases, anthropologists who try to reconcile differences between various interest groups are acting as __________.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists who try to reconcile differences between various interest groups are acting as mediators.

Question 11

Early-twentieth-century anthropologists argued that since there are no universal moral values, each society's values are valid with respect to the specific circumstances and conditions of that society. What is this view called?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early-twentieth-century anthropologists argued that since there are...

Question 12

Which of the following is a way to resolve the philosophical and moral dilemmas posed by a strict adherence to the doctrine of ethical relativism?

Accepted Answer

The best way to resolve the philosophical and moral dilemmas posed by a strict adherence to ethical relativism is to formulate a standard of humanitarian ethics that would be recognized by people of any culture. This allows for a universal standard while still acknowledging cultural differences. Option A is ethnocentric and assumes the superiority of Western culture, while option C promotes nonintervention even in cases of gross human rights violations. Option D is too permissive and allows any behavior, even those that may harm individuals or violate basic human rights.

Question 13

Forensic anthropologists sometimes assist the police in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Forensic anthropologists can reconstruct the facial features of a victim using their knowledge of facial anatomy and the human skull. This can aid in identifying the victim and potentially lead to identifying their killer. While forensic anthropologists may work alongside police investigators, they typically do not analyze fingerprints, interview suspects, or interpret cultural behaviors.

Question 14

When patients in Thailand use a combination of ritual, magic, and modern scientific medicine to treat an illness, they are enacting __________.

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic pluralism refers to the use of multiple forms of medical treatment, which includes a combination of traditional, spiritual, and modern scientific medicine. Polymedicalism refers specifically to the use of multiple forms of traditional medicine. Culture-specific disorders refer to illnesses that are recognized only within a particular culture or society. The multiple treatment scenario is a vague term that does not specifically describe this situation.

Question 15

Anthropologists John Van Willigen and V. C. Channa found that the increase in dowry deaths was partially the result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Economic inflation has been identified as a contributing factor to the increase in dowry deaths, as it can exacerbate financial pressures on families, leading to higher dowry demands and related violence.

Question 16

What is the study of the spread and distribution of disease called?

Accepted Answer

Epidemiology is the study of the spread and distribution of disease. Ethnomedicine is the study of traditional medicine practices in different cultures. Medical mapping involves visualizing health data and creating maps to identify patterns and trends. Biomedicine is a field of study focused on the application of biology and physiology to clinical medicine.

Question 17

Even though there are numerous pieces of legislation aimed at curtailing pot hunting, this practice still persists. The text example of the looting of the __________ is an excellent illustration of the problems that exist.

Accepted Answer

The text specifically mentions the Slack Farm site in Kentucky as an example of pot hunting and the damages it can cause, making it the best choice for this question. The other options are irrelevant to the text and not mentioned as examples.

Question 18

By examining skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists can help determine the __________ of an individual.

Accepted Answer

Forensic anthropologists can examine certain bones such as the pelvis and skull to determine the individual's sex and approximate age at the time of death. This information can be useful in identifying the individual and narrowing down potential suspects in a criminal investigation. Intelligence level, ethnicity, and marital status cannot be determined through skeletal remains alone.

Question 19

The study of disease, health-care systems, and the theories and methods of curing in cross-cultural perspective is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

Medical anthropology is the study of disease, health-care systems, and the theories and methods of curing in cross-cultural perspective. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations. Ethnoscience focuses on the ways in which people classify and understand phenomena in the world around them, including health and illness. Metamedicine is not a recognized field of study.

Question 20

A social-impact study conducted by Thayer Scudder and Elizabeth Colson in Zambia found which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The study conducted by Thayer Scudder and Elizabeth Colson in Zambia found that the forced relocation of the rural community would create extreme stress and would result in people clinging to familiar traditions and institutions during the change. This suggests that the people may resist or have difficulty adapting to the changes brought about by the relocation, and that their attachment to their existing way of life might make it challenging for them to embrace new practices or ideas.

Quiz 18: Applied Anthropology