Question 1

Intraoral lesions of Kaposi sarcoma are often found in which two sites?

Accepted Answer

The most common locations for the appearance of Kaposi sarcoma in a person with HIV infection are the palate and gingiva.

Question 2

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided.
-Hyperplastic lymphoid tissue of the soft palate or tonsillar pillars appears as yellowish or dark pink nodules

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis is characterized by hyperplastic lymphoid tissue of the soft palate or tonsillar pillars that appears as yellowish or dark pink nodules.

(Note: Herpangina, Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and Measles can cause pharyngitis but do not typically present with hyperplastic lymphoid tissue. Hairy leukoplakia is not related to lymphoid tissue.)

Question 3

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided.
-Vesicles or bullae, more often on skin of face and extremities

Accepted Answer

Impetigo is a common bacterial skin infection that often presents with vesicles or bullae, particularly on the face and extremities.

Question 4

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided.
-Granulomatous lesions with primary infection to the lungs

Accepted Answer

Granulomatous lesions are a hallmark feature of tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs.

Other options:
A) Impetigo presents as honey-colored crusted lesions on the skin. 
C) Actinomycosis commonly presents as chronic abscesses in the face, neck, or thorax. 
D) Syphilis can present with a variety of symptoms depending on the stage of the disease, but granulomatous lesions are not typically a primary feature. 
E) Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is a viral infection that presents as ulcers in the mouth and a fever. 
F) Verrucous vulgaris is a type of wart that typically presents on the feet. 
G) Condyloma acuminatum is a sexually transmitted infection that presents as genital warts.

Question 5

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided.
-Vesicles on the soft palate along with fever, malaise, sore throat, dysphagia, and erythematous pharyngitis

Accepted Answer

The clinical appearance of vesicles on the soft palate along with fever, malaise, sore throat, dysphagia, and erythematous pharyngitis is most closely linked to herpangina.

Other options:
B) Measles is characterized by a rash, fever, cough, and conjunctivitis.
C) Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis presents with gray-white nodules in the tonsils and posterior pharynx.
D) Hairy leukoplakia produces white patches on the side of the tongue that cannot be scraped off.
E) Hand-foot-and-mouth disease causes ulcers in the mouth, hands, and feet, but not typically on the soft palate.
F) Mumps results in swelling of the parotid gland (cheek area) and may cause fever and muscle aches.

Question 6

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided.
-Koplik spots in the oral cavity and skin rash that results from a paramyxovirus

Accepted Answer

Koplik spots are small, white, raised spots on the inside of the mouth that are typically seen in patients with measles. Measles is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the paramyxovirus. It is characterized by a skin rash, fever, cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis.

Question 7

The common characteristic features of linear gingival erythema seen in a person with HIV disease include the following except one. Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Punched-out papilla is not a characteristic feature of linear gingival erythema. Since linear gingival erythema occurs independently of oral hygiene status, it does not respond to therapy and maintains its bandlike erythema. Spontaneous bleeding is a common sign of linear gingival erythema. Punctate or petechiae-like lesions on the attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa are commonly seen with linear gingival erythema.

Question 8

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided.
-Painful vesicles and ulcers that can occur anywhere in the mouth; present in epidemic form in children younger than 5 years

Accepted Answer

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is characterized by painful vesicles and ulcers in the mouth, on the hands and feet, and in some cases on the buttocks. It commonly occurs in children younger than 5 years.

Note: Herpangina also presents with painful vesicles and ulcers in the mouth, but it is typically limited to the throat and tonsils, and does not involve the hands and feet.

Question 9

HIV infects cells of the immune system. What is the most important cell that HIV infects?

Accepted Answer

The CD4 T-helper lymphocyte is the most important of the cells of the immune system that HIV infects. It is important in regulating the immune response. The neutrophil is the first white blood cell to arrive at a site of injury. The macrophage is the second white blood cell to arrive at a site of injury. Another name for the neutrophil is the polymorphonuclear leukocyte because this cell possesses a multilobed nucleus.

Question 10

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided.
-Primary (chancre), secondary (mucous patch), tertiary (gumma)

Accepted Answer

The clinical appearances listed, including primary (chancre), secondary (mucous patch), and tertiary (gumma), are all associated with syphilis.

Other disorders listed, such as impetigo, tuberculosis, actinomycosis, primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, verrucous vulgaris, and condyloma acuminatum, do not match the listed clinical appearances.

Question 11

Why is hairy leukoplakia a significant clinical finding in persons with HIV disease?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown hairy leukoplakia to be predictive of the development of AIDS in HIV-infected persons. Hairy leukoplakia is not associated with poor oral hygiene. Hairy leukoplakia does not affect taste bud function. Microscopically, hairy leukoplakia reveals hyperkeratosis and epithelial hyperplasia; no sign of malignant cells are present.

Question 12

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided.
-Epidemic parotitis characterized by bilateral swelling of the parotid glands

Accepted Answer

Epidemic parotitis is another name for mumps, which is characterized by bilateral swelling of the parotid glands.

Question 13

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided.
-Pink, papillary lesion(s), more diffuse than papilloma

Accepted Answer

The clinical appearance of pink, papillary lesions that are more diffuse than papilloma is most closely linked to condyloma acuminatum, which is a sexually transmitted viral infection caused by HPV.

Question 14

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided.
-White, papillary exophytic lesion resembling a papilloma

Accepted Answer

A white, papillary exophytic lesion resembling a papilloma is most closely linked to Verrucous vulgaris, a type of oral cancer that often presents as a white, wart-like lesion.

Note: None of the other options listed are commonly associated with this type of clinical appearance.

Question 15

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided.
-Multiple tiny vesicles that progress to form painful ulcers

Accepted Answer

The appearance described is characteristic of Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, caused by the herpes simplex virus. The multiple tiny vesicles progress to form painful ulcers.

Note: Impetigo, verrucous vulgaris, condyloma acuminatum are all skin conditions, while tuberculosis and actinomycosis do not typically present with oral ulcers. Syphilis can present with oral ulcers, but the description of multiple tiny vesicles progressing to ulcers is more indicative of herpes simplex virus.

Question 16

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided.
-Draining abscesses, "sulfur granules"

Accepted Answer

Draining abscesses with "sulfur granules" are a classic sign of actinomycosis, which is caused by the bacteria Actinomyces israelii.

Answer: D
 Syphilis can cause draining abscesses known as gummas, which can develop in various organs including the skin.

Possible additional answer:
Answer: A
 Impetigo can cause skin abscesses that can drain, although they typically do not contain sulfur granules.

Question 17

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided.
-Irregular corrugated white lesion most commonly occurring on the lateral border of the tongue

Accepted Answer

The clinical appearance described is characteristic of hairy leukoplakia, which is commonly seen in individuals with HIV or other immunocompromising conditions. It typically appears as an irregular, corrugated white lesion on the lateral borders of the tongue.

A) Herpangina typically presents as small, painful ulcers on the tonsils, soft palate, and/or throat.

B) Measles presents with a rash typically starting on the face and spreading to the trunk and extremities.

C) Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis presents with a sore throat, fever, and small grey or yellow nodules on the tonsils and/or back of the throat.

E) Hand-foot-and-mouth disease presents with a rash or blisters on the hands, feet, and/or mouth.

F) Mumps presents with swelling and pain in the salivary glands, typically the parotid gland.

Quiz 4: Infectious Diseases

Intraoral lesions of Kaposi sarcoma are often found in which two sites?

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided. -Hyperplastic lymphoid tissue of the soft palate or tonsillar pillars appears as yellowish or dark pink nodules

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided. -Vesicles or bullae, more often on skin of face and extremities

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided. -Granulomatous lesions with primary infection to the lungs

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided. -Vesicles on the soft palate along with fever, malaise, sore throat, dysphagia, and erythematous pharyngitis

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided. -Koplik spots in the oral cavity and skin rash that results from a paramyxovirus

The common characteristic features of linear gingival erythema seen in a person with HIV disease include the following except one. Which is the exception?

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided. -Painful vesicles and ulcers that can occur anywhere in the mouth; present in epidemic form in children younger than 5 years

HIV infects cells of the immune system. What is the most important cell that HIV infects?

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided. -Primary (chancre) , secondary (mucous patch) , tertiary (gumma)

Why is hairy leukoplakia a significant clinical finding in persons with HIV disease?

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided. -Epidemic parotitis characterized by bilateral swelling of the parotid glands

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided. -Pink, papillary lesion(s) , more diffuse than papilloma

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided. -White, papillary exophytic lesion resembling a papilloma

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided. -Multiple tiny vesicles that progress to form painful ulcers

For each clinical appearance listed below, select the most closely linked disorder from the list provided. -Draining abscesses, "sulfur granules"

For each disorder listed below, select the most closely linked clinical appearance from the list provided. -Irregular corrugated white lesion most commonly occurring on the lateral border of the tongue