Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of traditional methods of treating cancer?

Accepted Answer

Traditional methods of treating cancer, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, often have side effects including nausea and loss of appetite. Option A is not true as traditional methods do not use only surgery. Option B may be true for some alternative therapies, but not for traditional methods. Option D is not true as traditional methods may also damage healthy tissues.

Question 2

Which of the following is a similarity between benign tumors and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Both benign and malignant tumors are formed by the uncontrollable growth of cells, although malignant tumors exhibit additional characteristics such as invasiveness and ability to form metastases.

Question 3

Mark is 50 years old, and he enjoys his work as a car mechanic. Lately, he has been finding it difficult to focus on the intricate interiors of the engine. Mark is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Presbyopia is a condition in which the natural lens of the eye loses its flexibility, making it difficult to focus on close objects, particularly in dim light. This condition is common among individuals over the age of 40 and becomes more prevalent as people age. Given that Mark is 50 years old and having difficulty focusing on intricate details, it is likely that he is experiencing presbyopia. Aphakia refers to the absence of the lens of the eye, while amblyopia is a condition in which one eye is weaker than the other. Diplopia, or double vision, occurs when both eyes do not work together properly. None of these conditions appear to match Mark's symptoms as described in the scenario.

Question 4

Which of the following refers to the body's system of skin, hair, and nails?

Accepted Answer

The integumentary system is the body's system of skin, hair, and nails. It serves as a barrier to protect the body from outside elements, helps regulate body temperature, and contains sensory receptors for touch, pressure, and temperature. The immune system is responsible for fighting off infections and diseases, the lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluids and filtering out pathogens, and the cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood and nutrients throughout the body.

Question 5

In the United States, which of the following communities has the poorest survival rate from cancer?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States, which of the...

Question 6

The wrinkling associated with aging is actually caused by:

Accepted Answer

Wrinkling associated with aging is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays, specifically from the sun. Over time, this exposure causes damage to the collagen and elastin fibers in the skin, leading to the appearance of wrinkles. Other factors such as smoking, genetics, and repetitive facial expressions can also contribute to wrinkling, but exposure to UV rays is the primary cause.

Question 7

Which of the following refers to the fatty deposits that develop in the lining of arteries?

Accepted Answer

The fatty deposits that develop in the lining of arteries are called plaque. Tumor refers to an abnormal growth of cells, a clot refers to a blockage of blood flow due to coagulated blood, and a lipoma refers to a benign tumor made up of adipose tissue.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is accurate about physical development during middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

During middle adulthood, individuals often experience a decrease in lung capacity due to the natural aging process, and an increase in body mass index (BMI) can occur due to a decrease in basal metabolic rate and changes in physical activity levels.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about the health of middle-aged people in the United States?

Accepted Answer

There are known racial, ethnic, and gender differences in the incidence and treatment of various diseases among middle-aged Americans. This is related to social determinants of health, such as access to healthcare, exposure to environmental risks, and lifestyle factors. The other options (A, C, and D) are not necessarily true or may only apply to a subset of the population. For example, some middle-aged Americans may be up to date with their vaccinations, some men may resist seeking healthcare, and some individuals may be aware of preventive health care options.

Question 10

The amount of time it takes to respond to a stimulus increases with age mainly because of:

Accepted Answer

As we age, there are changes in the nervous system such as a decrease in the number of neurons and a decrease in the speed of transmission. These changes can lead to a slower response time to stimuli.

Question 11

Which of the following is the basic fuel and energy source for cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the basic fuel and energy source for cells. Vitamin C and D are vitamins and calcium is a mineral, none of which provide energy to cells.

Question 12

Which of the following changes occurs during middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

During middle adulthood, there is a gradual decline in muscle mass and strength, leading to a decrease in overall muscle. None of the other options listed occur during middle adulthood – while bone density may increase during young adulthood, it tends to decrease in middle and old age; aerobic capacity also tends to decrease with age, rather than increasing; and the amount of fat may increase, rather than decrease, in middle adulthood due to changes in metabolism and lifestyle factors.

Question 13

Bertha is a 50-year-old woman who has enjoyed excellent vision throughout her life. Lately, she has found it difficult to read. She has also found it hard to differentiate between her many pairs of earrings. Wearing reading glasses has helped to a great extent. In this scenario, Bertha is most likely suffering from _____.

Accepted Answer

Bertha is experiencing difficulty reading and differentiating between objects up close, which are classic symptoms of presbyopia. This condition is common in people over the age of 40 and is caused by the natural aging process of the eye's lens becoming less flexible. Diplopia (A) is double vision, aphakia (B) refers to the absence of the eye's lens, and amblyopia (D) is a lazy eye condition usually detected in childhood.

Question 14

Which of the following is a measure of the health of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities and potential issues with heart health. The other options (digital rectal exam, mammogram, and baseline electroencephalogram) are tests for other areas of the body and do not directly measure heart health.

Question 15

Which of the following parts of the body secretes insulin?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is secreted by the pancreas.

Question 16

Which of the following increases during middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

During middle adulthood, there is a tendency for the body mass index (BMI) to increase due to a combination of factors such as a decrease in physical activity, changes in metabolism, and alterations in body composition. Bone density typically peaks by the end of the third decade of life and then gradually decreases, blood sugar tolerance tends to decrease with age, and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) also tends to decrease, contributing to the increase in BMI.

Question 17

Which of the following tests is used to screen women for breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

A mammogram is a specific X-ray imaging test used to detect abnormal growth or changes in the breast tissue in women, which can be an early indicator of breast cancer. An electrocardiogram (A) is used to test for heart abnormalities, an electroencephalogram (C) is used to test for seizures and brain function, and a lymphogram (D) is used to test for lymph node problems.

Question 18

During middle adulthood, aerobic capacity declines as:

Accepted Answer

As individuals age, their aerobic capacity undergoes a natural decline due to a reduction in the amount of oxygen they can take into their lungs and the amount of blood that is pumped by their heart. This decline in aerobic capacity can lead to reduced physical performance and increased risk of chronic diseases.

Question 19

Which of the following is one of the three leading causes of death in early adulthood?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, suicide is one of the three leading causes of death among individuals aged 15-34, which falls into the early adulthood age range. Heart disease and cancer are leading causes of death in later adulthood. While AIDS was a leading cause of death in the 1980s and 1990s, advancements in treatment have significantly reduced its impact as a cause of death in recent years.

Question 20

Hair usually begins to gray in middle adulthood because of:

Accepted Answer

Graying occurs because the cells that produce melanin (the pigment that gives hair its color) begin to decrease in production and function with age.

Quiz 15: Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development