Question 1

Lila and Sherin are sitting in their dorm room while Sherin flips through her notes."I'm totally going to fail this math test tomorrow," Sherin says.The next day,Sherin takes her test and learns that she failed it.Her performance on the test is an example of _______.
A)incongruence
B)filtering messages
C)halo effect
D)self-fulfilling prophecy

Accepted Answer

Sherin's statement about failing the test created a negative belief or prediction about her performance, which influenced her behavior and ultimately led to the outcome she had anticipated. This is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy where a person's expectations about an event or situation can impact the actual outcome.

Question 2

After your first speech,four people tell you that you did a good job,and one tells you that you looked nervous.If you focus on the comment from the person who told you that you looked nervous and ignore the positive comments from others,this is called _______.
A)perceptual defense
B)filtering messages
C)halo effect
D)self-fulfilling prophecy

Accepted Answer

Filtering messages refers to selectively attending to and remembering only certain parts of a message based on our preexisting beliefs, attitudes, or expectations. In this case, the person is filtering out the positive comments and focusing only on the negative comment about looking nervous. This can have a negative impact on their self-confidence and performance in future public speaking situations.

Question 3

Amy was traumatized as a child when she had a bad experience jumping from a diving board.To this day,she considers herself a poor swimmer.That experience as a child has affected her.
A)self-perception
B)self-monitoring
C)self-esteem
D)role

Accepted Answer

Amy's past experience has influenced her self-perception of her swimming ability.

Question 4

Tonya believes that she is not good at sports,so much so that when she takes part in athletic activities she is timid and performs poorly,and usually finds a way to sideline herself from the game.This is an example of _______.
A)stereotype
B)self-fulfilling prophecy
C)role
D)halo effect

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, where Tonya's belief about her abilities influences her performance in a negative way, thus confirming her belief.

Question 5

Jared wants to be a professional singer/songwriter.He performs at open-mike nights,competes in karaoke competitions,and spends the majority of his free time writing and rehearsing.Jared is responding to his ______.
A)self-esteem
B)self-perception
C)ideal self-concept
D)self-talk

Accepted Answer

Jared's actions of performing, competing, and dedicating time to writing and rehearsing indicate he is striving towards his ideal self-concept, which is his vision of who he wants to be, in this case, a professional singer/songwriter.

Question 6

According to the text,our "evaluation of competence and worthiness" defines _______.
A)self-esteem
B)self-concept
C)self-attribution
D)self-consideration

Accepted Answer

The text states "our evaluation of competence and worthiness" in relation to self-esteem, indicating that A) self-esteem is defined by our assessment of our own abilities and value. B) Self-concept refers to the overall view one has of oneself, including personality traits and beliefs. C) Self-attribution relates to how we explain or attribute our own behaviors and experiences. D) Self-consideration is not a commonly recognized term in this context.

Question 7

People from collectivist cultures tend to have higher self-esteem when they view themselves as being _______.
A)interdependent
B)unique
C)independent
D)self-sufficiency

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, individuals tend to prioritize the needs and goals of the group over their own individual interests. Therefore, when people from collectivist cultures view themselves as interdependent and connected to others within their social group, it fosters their sense of self-esteem. This is in contrast to the individualistic cultures, where self-esteem is often based on personal achievement and independence.

Question 8

Most people only reveal parts of our self-perceptions depending on what we deem appropriate to the situation.This phenomenon is called ________.
A)incongruence
B)self-talk
C)discrimination
D)social construction

Accepted Answer

Social construction refers to the way individuals present themselves in different contexts, revealing parts of their self-perceptions based on what is deemed appropriate for the situation.

Question 9

The three stages of the perception process are _______.
A)action and selection,expectation of stimuli,and impression
B)attention and selection,organization of stimuli,and impression
C)attention and selection,organization of stimuli,and interpretation
D)action and selection,expectation of stimuli,and interpretation

Accepted Answer

The three stages of the perception process are attention and selection, organization of stimuli, and interpretation. Attention and selection involve choosing which stimuli to focus on, organization involves arranging those stimuli in a meaningful way, and interpretation involves assigning meaning to the stimuli based on past experiences and knowledge. Option A and D are incorrect as they both include "expectation of stimuli," which is not one of the stages of perception. Option B is incorrect as it includes "action," which is not a stage of the perception process.

Question 10

According to your text,the self-concept can best be defined as _______.
A)a pattern of behavior that characterizes a person's place in a context
B)a mental image a person has about his or her skills,abilities,and knowledge
C)a set of assumptions developed about physical characteristics and popularity
D)a combination of your original ideas and theories about life

Accepted Answer

The self-concept is defined as the mental image a person has about his or her skills, abilities, and knowledge. It is the way a person sees themselves and how they believe they fit into their surroundings. It can include physical attributes, but it goes beyond that and incorporates a person's beliefs about their personality and character as well.

Question 11

According to your text,what three things affect what we select to pay attention to?
A)needs,interests,and expectations
B)interests,expectations,and values
C)values,beliefs,and stereotypes
D)needs,values,and expectations

Accepted Answer

According to the text, needs, interests, and expectations are the three things that affect what we select to pay attention to. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 12

When we encounter people for the first time,we often try to gain more information about them to help make ourselves feel more comfortable.This process is called _______.
A)implicit personality theories
B)halo effects
C)discrimination
D)uncertainty reduction

Accepted Answer

Uncertainty reduction refers to the process of obtaining more information about someone in order to reduce the uncertainty or ambiguity we feel about them. It is a natural human tendency to want to understand and make sense of the people around us, and uncertainty reduction is an important part of that process. Implicit personality theories and halo effects refer to our general beliefs and biases about people, while discrimination refers to unfair treatment based on certain characteristics such as race, gender, or age.

Question 13

Deon and Janet,who do not know each other,are assigned to work on a project together at work.Deon suggests that the two have a lunch meeting together to get to know one another before beginning the official work.Deon's suggestion is an effort to _______.
A)evaluate an implicit personality theory
B)use stereotypes
C)make attributions
D)reduce uncertainty

Accepted Answer

Deon's suggestion to have a lunch meeting with Janet shows that he is trying to reduce uncertainty about her and get to know her better before beginning the project. This is a common strategy for reducing uncertainty and building relationships in a professional setting. It is not related to evaluating personality theories, using stereotypes, or making attributions.

Question 14

Failure to recognize a misspelling in a word used in a newspaper illustrates perception that is limited because of ______.
A)interest
B)need
C)expectations
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

The incorrect spelling in the newspaper is not noticed because the reader's expectations of the correct spelling of that word limits their perception. They assume that the newspaper has used the correct spelling, which results in a failure to recognize the mistake. This is an example of how expectations can limit perception.

Question 15

Individuals with low self-esteem _______.
A)are more attentive to situations than people with high self-esteem
B)find it easier to dwell on criticism than accept praise
C)cannot gain higher self-esteem,even with practice
D)are unlikely to have self-fulfilling prophecies

Accepted Answer

Individuals with low self-esteem tend to have a negative self-image and often find it easier to dwell on criticism and focus on their flaws rather than accept praise or positive feedback. This can further reinforce their low self-esteem and create a self-fulfilling prophecy of failure or underperformance. However, it is possible for individuals with low self-esteem to improve their self-image and develop higher self-esteem through practice and self-reflection.

Question 16

As they were walking to the corner store,Samantha and Meagan passed by a large bush.Suddenly,from out of nowhere,a large dog lunged at them.Meagan gasped and dropped her books,but Samantha laughed and said,"Oh,that dumb dog always hides behind that bush." Samantha's reaction was a good example of which step of the perception process?
A)patterns
B)interpretation
C)organization
D)expectation

Accepted Answer

Samantha's laughter suggests that she had an expectation of encountering the dog behind the bush. This is an example of the expectation step of the perception process, where our previous experiences and prior knowledge shape our perception of a situation.

Question 17

Layla and Luke are twins in the U.S.Even though they grew up in the same family at the same time,Layla grows up thinking that being successful depends a lot on being pretty and nice,while Luke believes being successful means making a lot of money and being independent.These differences are likely the result of _______.
A)gendered cultural expectations
B)Layla's low self-esteem
C)Luke's effective message filtering
D)different self-talk

Accepted Answer

Layla and Luke's differing beliefs about success are likely the result of gendered cultural expectations, which have socialized them to believe certain things about what it means to be successful based on their gender. Layla's beliefs about the importance of being pretty and nice are common expectations placed on girls, while Luke's beliefs about the importance of making money and being independent are common expectations placed on boys.

Question 18

Racism,ethnocentrism,sexism,heterosexism,ageism,and able-ism are examples of ______.
A)discrimination
B)attributions
C)prejudice
D)assumed similarity

Accepted Answer

Racism, ethnocentrism, sexism, heterosexism, ageism, and able-ism are all examples of prejudice, which is an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members. Discrimination is the behavior or actions that result from prejudice. Attributions refer to the explanations we give for people's behavior. Assumed similarity is the tendency to assume that others are like ourselves.

Question 19

You find your roommate Marcus singing to himself in the kitchen,and you are impressed."Man,Marcus,you've got a great voice!" Marcus looks embarrassed."No way,you don't need to try to make me feel better.I know I'm terrible.I've never been able to sing." And no matter how hard you try to convince him otherwise,Marcus continues to feel worse about his singing ability.This gap between different perceptions is known as _______.
A)implicit personality adjustment
B)incongruence
C)scripted differences
D)behavioral adjustment

Accepted Answer

The gap between the speaker's perception of Marcus's singing ability and Marcus's own perception is an example of incongruence. This is when two different perspectives or perceptions do not match up or align, creating a gap or discrepancy. The other answer choices do not accurately describe this situation.

Question 20

Imagine that you are saying these messages to yourself: "Oh,I have that interpersonal test in the morning.I really haven't studied,so maybe I'll skip it.But maybe I won't be able to take a make-up test.I'd better go after all and take my chances." This is an example of which self-perceptions?
A)filters others' statements
B)moderate self-talk
C)predicts behavior
D)influences tone of voice

Accepted Answer

This is an example of moderate self-talk, where the individual is reasoning with themselves about a decision, weighing the pros and cons of attending a test without having studied.

Quiz 2: Perception of Self and Others

Lila and Sherin are sitting in their dorm room while Sherin flips through her notes."I'm totally going to fail this math test tomorrow," Sherin says.The next day,Sherin takes her test and learns that she failed it.Her performance on the test is an example of _______.

After your first speech,four people tell you that you did a good job,and one tells you that you looked nervous.If you focus on the comment from the person who told you that you looked nervous and ignore the positive comments from others,this is called _______.

Amy was traumatized as a child when she had a bad experience jumping from a diving board.To this day,she considers herself a poor swimmer.That experience as a child has affected her.

Tonya believes that she is not good at sports,so much so that when she takes part in athletic activities she is timid and performs poorly,and usually finds a way to sideline herself from the game.This is an example of _______.

Jared wants to be a professional singer/songwriter.He performs at open-mike nights,competes in karaoke competitions,and spends the majority of his free time writing and rehearsing.Jared is responding to his ______.

According to the text,our "evaluation of competence and worthiness" defines _______.

People from collectivist cultures tend to have higher self-esteem when they view themselves as being _______.

Most people only reveal parts of our self-perceptions depending on what we deem appropriate to the situation.This phenomenon is called ________.

The three stages of the perception process are _______.

According to your text,the self-concept can best be defined as _______.

According to your text,what three things affect what we select to pay attention to?

When we encounter people for the first time,we often try to gain more information about them to help make ourselves feel more comfortable.This process is called _______.

Deon and Janet,who do not know each other,are assigned to work on a project together at work.Deon suggests that the two have a lunch meeting together to get to know one another before beginning the official work.Deon's suggestion is an effort to _______.

Failure to recognize a misspelling in a word used in a newspaper illustrates perception that is limited because of ______.

Individuals with low self-esteem _______.

Racism,ethnocentrism,sexism,heterosexism,ageism,and able-ism are examples of ______.

Imagine that you are saying these messages to yourself: "Oh,I have that interpersonal test in the morning.I really haven't studied,so maybe I'll skip it.But maybe I won't be able to take a make-up test.I'd better go after all and take my chances." This is an example of which self-perceptions?