Question 1

Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in large amounts in the body. Instead, they are excreted in urine when excess amounts are consumed.

Question 2

The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins indicate the

Accepted Answer

The letters used to identify fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) reflect the chronological order in which they were discovered, not their importance, chemical name, or synthesis compounds.

Question 3

Which of the following comprises the vitamin B₆ "umbrella" of compounds?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₆ "umbrella" of compounds consists of pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine.

Question 4

Which of the following observations led to the discovery of vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

The observation that children who regularly ate fish rarely developed a form of blindness common among children who did not eat fish led to the discovery of vitamin A.

Question 5

Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins are sometimes seen in people who

Accepted Answer

People with celiac disease may have malabsorption issues, leading to deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 6

Which of the following,found in high-fiber foods,inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc?

Accepted Answer

Oxalic acid, found in high-fiber foods such as spinach and beet greens, can inhibit the absorption of iron and zinc. Heme is a type of iron found in meat and is actually better absorbed by the body than non-heme iron found in plant-based foods. Phenol is a type of antioxidant found in plant-based foods but does not have a significant effect on iron and zinc absorption. Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, plays a role in red blood cell formation but does not inhibit the absorption of iron and zinc.

Question 7

Which of the following is a major mineral?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur is considered a major mineral because the body requires it in larger amounts compared to trace minerals like iodine, iron, and zinc, which are needed in smaller quantities.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about micronutrient absorption is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Iron competes with both copper and zinc for absorption across the enterocytes. The other statements are not entirely true: A) The body's absorption of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) is more efficient than the absorption of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). B) The calcium in milk is absorbed at a higher percentage than the calcium in spinach, nuts, and seeds. D) Iron absorption is increased in meals containing vitamin C, as it helps convert the iron into a form that is more easily absorbed by the body, and reduced in high-fiber meals, as fiber can bind to iron and reduce its absorption.

Question 9

The human body can synthesize small amounts of which two fat-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

The human body can synthesize small amounts of vitamin D and vitamin K.

Question 10

Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as

Accepted Answer

Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as vitamin K, which is necessary for blood clotting and the formation of bones. Ascorbic acid, vitamin B₁₂, and vitamin B₆ are different vitamins with different functions.

Question 11

Boron,silicon,and nickel are

Accepted Answer

Boron, silicon, and nickel are thought to be beneficial to human health, as they have been found to have a variety of important roles in the body. For example, boron has been linked to bone health and brain function, silicon to bone and collagen formation, and nickel to enzymes involved in glucose metabolism. However, more research is needed to fully understand their effects on human health.

Question 12

Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins A and D are fat-soluble vitamins that can be stored in the body, increasing the risk of toxicity if consumed in excess. Vitamin A toxicity can cause nausea, headaches, and even liver damage, while vitamin D toxicity can result in calcium buildup in the blood and soft tissues, causing symptoms such as weakness, confusion, and kidney damage.

Question 13

Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins do not need to be consumed on a daily basis as they can be stored in the body for long periods of time. However, over-consumption of these vitamins can lead to toxicity symptoms.

Question 14

Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins and minerals were once referred to as accessory factors due to their essential role in small amounts for the proper functioning of the body's metabolism, acting as co-factors for enzymes.

Question 15

What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₁₂ is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body, mainly in the liver. Other water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin C and thiamin are excreted by the body when consumed in excess, and therefore require regular intake to maintain adequate levels. Vitamin D, on the other hand, is a fat-soluble vitamin and can also be stored in the body, but in fatty tissues rather than the liver. However, excessive intake of vitamin D can lead to toxicity, making it important to monitor intake levels.

Question 16

Vitamins A,D,E,and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in

Accepted Answer

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, which means they need dietary fat in order to be properly absorbed and utilized by the body. Foods such as nuts, seeds, avocados, and oils are good sources of healthy fats that can aid in the absorption of these vitamins.

Question 17

Which of the following is a trace mineral?

Accepted Answer

Iron is a trace mineral because it is needed in small amounts in the body, but still plays an important role in various bodily functions such as oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis. Sodium, sulfur, and calcium are all considered macrominerals because they are needed in larger quantities in the body.

Question 18

Research studies suggest that adequate intake of vitamin D is associated with a reduced risk for

Accepted Answer

Research studies have indicated that adequate intake of vitamin D is associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer. However, there is insufficient evidence to conclude a significant relationship between vitamin D and the other conditions listed.

Question 19

What distinguishes a major mineral from a trace mineral?

Accepted Answer

The daily requirement for a mineral and the amount found in the body distinguishes a major mineral from a trace mineral. Major minerals are required in amounts greater than 100 milligrams per day, and are present in the body in amounts greater than 5 grams. Trace minerals are required in amounts less than 100 milligrams per day, and are present in the body in amounts less than 5 grams. The quantity of the mineral found in foods and in nature, as well as the importance to the body, can vary for both major and trace minerals, and do not distinguish one from the other.

Question 20

Megadosing is defined as consuming a dose of a nutrient that is how many times the recommended intake?

Accepted Answer

Megadosing is defined as consuming a dose of a nutrient that is 10 times or more the recommended intake.

Quiz 21: Vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With Macro Powers