Question 1

Which of the following are commonly known problems associated with obesity in young adulthood?

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure, diabetes, sleep disorders, and digestive problems are commonly known problems associated with obesity in young adulthood. The other options listed do not typically have a strong correlation with obesity.

Question 2

What happens to physical activity through the 20s and 30s across developed countries?

Accepted Answer

Across developed countries, physical activity tends to continuously decline as individuals progress through their 20s and 30s, likely due to a combination of factors such as increased sedentary behavior at work, decreased participation in organized sports, and other lifestyle changes.

Question 3

Regular exercise in young adulthood reduces the risk of a variety of illnesses and diseases in middle adulthood, including __________.

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise in young adulthood has been shown to reduce the risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancers in middle adulthood. It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle early on to prevent health issues later in life.

Question 4

Thomas has just finished the Boston Marathon and is feeling great.His blood pressure is high, his respirations are rapid, and he is extremely sweaty, but he feels elated to be alive.He's experiencing a "runner's high." Which of the following is primarily responsible for this pleasurable feeling?

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are natural painkillers that are released in response to intense physical exertion like running a marathon. These endorphins also produce a feeling of euphoria, commonly known as a "runner's high". This feeling is responsible for Thomas feeling great after finishing the marathon despite the high blood pressure, rapid respirations, and extreme sweating. Melatonin is a hormone responsible for regulating sleep, dopamine is a neurotransmitter that regulates movement and emotions, and testosterone is a hormone responsible for the development of male physical characteristics. None of these are responsible for the runner's high experienced by Thomas. Therefore, the correct choice is A) endorphins.

Question 5

What can one do in young adulthood to reduce the risk of a variety of illnesses and diseases in middle adulthood, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several types of cancers?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of many illnesses and diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancers. It is important to establish healthy habits early on in life to reap the benefits in middle adulthood. Taking vitamin supplements may not be necessary if one maintains a balanced and nutritious diet, and laughter may help reduce stress but is not a guaranteed preventative measure against illnesses. While a higher education and high-paying job may have benefits for overall well-being and access to healthcare, they are not direct preventative measures for illnesses.

Question 6

Aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce body fat and __________.

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise has been shown to increase metabolic rate, which means the body burns more calories even at rest, leading to a reduction in body fat. This effect is caused by an increase in muscle mass and a decrease in fat mass.

Question 7

Which of the following individuals is likely to spend the least amount of time exercising?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals of lower SES, particularly those living in poverty, are less likely to engage in physical activity due to various barriers such as access to safe and affordable facilities and lack of time. Additionally, studies have found that women are generally less active than men. Therefore, Tammy, who is of low SES and female, is likely to spend the least amount of time exercising.

Question 8

Why have obesity rates risen dramatically in the United States and Canada in recent decades?

Accepted Answer

The most significant factor contributing to the rise in obesity rates in the United States and Canada in recent decades is the increase in sedentary lifestyles and the consumption of unhealthy, processed foods high in sugar, fat, and salt. People are eating more and exercising less, leading to weight gain and obesity. Factors such as changes in portion sizes, marketing of unhealthy foods, and the availability of fast food options have also played a role in the increase of obesity rates.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise requires continuous movement of large muscle groups, and playing soccer for 45 minutes qualifies as one. Options A, C, and D don't meet the criteria for aerobic exercise.

Question 10

Aerobic exercise is best described as exercise that __________.

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise is exercise that raises the heart rate and sustains it for at least 30 minutes. This type of exercise improves cardiovascular health and endurance. A and C are not accurate descriptions of aerobic exercise, and B is describing a stress response rather than a form of exercise.

Question 11

Brianna is a 30-year-old woman who lives in a very low-SES neighborhood and is raising her two children alone.Within a mile of her apartment, there are several fast-food restaurants and some convenience stores.Like many of her neighbors, Brianna is obese and her children are overweight.What makes Brianna and her children typical among low-SES families?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that fast-food restaurants and convenience stores are more prevalent in low-SES neighborhoods, while healthy food options tend to be more expensive and less accessible. This can lead to a higher consumption of unhealthy foods and a higher risk of obesity in individuals and families living in low-SES neighborhoods. While some lower-SES families may grow their own vegetables, this is not necessarily the norm, and a surplus of food does not always lead to overeating. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Option A is incorrect because low-SES families may not have the resources or education to prioritize a healthy lifestyle. Option B is incorrect because lower-SES individuals actually have some of the highest rates of obesity. Option C is also incorrect because not all lower-SES families grow their own vegetables, and a surplus of food does not always lead to overeating.

Question 12

Your 23-year-old brother has never been interested in exercising.He has a rather fast metabolism and has never gained any weight.You are trying to get him to exercise, and he sees no value in doing so.What argument could you use?

Accepted Answer

This argument highlights the long-term health benefits of exercise and the potential risks of not exercising, such as an increased likelihood of developing serious diseases. These health concerns are more substantial and relevant than concerns about hair loss or weight gain, making this choice the best argument.

Question 13

Your 29-year-old aunt is obese.She is feeling depressed and does not feel good about her physical health.What would you say to her?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown a relationship between obesity and depression, particularly in young adult women. Losing weight may improve her physical health and potentially improve her mental health as well. It is important to approach the conversation with sensitivity and without judgment. Encouraging her to seek support from healthcare professionals or a support group may also be helpful. Options B and C are not relevant to the issue at hand and can come across as insensitive. Option A is not accurate, as there is a well-established link between obesity and depression.

Question 14

Health authorities recommend aerobic exercise at a moderate-to-vigorous level for at least ?2½ hours per week along with strength training.About what percentage of Americans actually practice both aerobic exercise and strength training each week?

Accepted Answer

Only about 20% of Americans meet the recommended guidelines for both aerobic and strength training each week.

Question 15

The most effective diet programs are __________.

Accepted Answer

Low-carbohydrate, high-protein plans have been shown to be effective for weight loss and have numerous health benefits. Appetite suppressant pills can have negative side effects and are not a sustainable long-term solution. Complete meal plans can be effective, but the specific type of foods and macronutrient ratios are important for weight loss. Liquid-only diets may result in quick weight loss, but can also lead to nutrient deficiencies and are not sustainable long term.

Question 16

According to the textbook, activities such as running and swimming are known as what type of exercise?

Accepted Answer

Running and swimming are examples of aerobic exercise, which involves using oxygen to produce energy for sustained physical activity. Anaerobic exercise, on the other hand, involves short bursts of intense activity without using oxygen. Endurance exercise refers to activities that improve cardiovascular fitness and muscular endurance, such as running or cycling for long periods of time. Flexibility exercises focus on improving joint range of motion and include activities like stretching or yoga.

Question 17

What is a major contributor to the increasing obesity rates in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

The adoption of Western diets, which are often high in calories, sugar, and fat, has been identified as a major contributor to the increasing obesity rates in developing countries. Fast foods, in particular, are easily accessible and affordable, making them a popular choice for many people in these countries. Furthermore, these diets often replace traditional, healthier diets that were previously consumed, leading to a decline in overall health.

Question 18

How would you describe endorphins?

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are natural chemicals produced by the body that act similarly to painkillers. They bind to the same receptors in the brain as drugs like morphine and provide a pleasurable feeling and a feeling of well-being.

Question 19

Exercise generates brain chemicals called __________ that provide a pleasurable feeling and increase well-being.

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are the brain chemicals that are released during exercise and are responsible for the feeling of pleasure and increased well-being. Epinephrine and adrenaline are stress-related hormones, while dopamine is a neurotransmitter that regulates movement and mood.

Question 20

What happens to most people who embrace a strategy to lose weight?

Accepted Answer

This is a common trend known as yo-yo dieting. Many people lose weight initially, but eventually revert back to old habits and gain even more weight than before. It's important to make sustainable lifestyle changes rather than just following a temporary diet.

Quiz 10: Young Adulthood