Question 1

In what type of speech do adults talk to infants by raising the pitch of their voices, exaggerating their intonation, and repeating words?

Accepted Answer

The type of speech where adults talk to infants by raising the pitch of their voices, exaggerating their intonation, and repeating words is called infant-directed speech. It is also known as motherese, baby talk, or parentese. This is a universal phenomenon and has been found to aid in infant language development by attracting and maintaining their attention.

Question 2

__________ refers to the biologically based raw material of personality.

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to the biologically based raw material of personality, including traits such as sociability, emotional reactivity, and activity level. Genetics may play a role in temperament, but it is not the only factor. Physiological set and bio-personality are not commonly used terms in the field of personality psychology.

Question 3

Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess (1956) assessed infants on which of the following qualities, among others, to create their categories of temperament?

Accepted Answer

Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess assessed infants on activity level, adaptability, intensity of reaction, and quality of mood to create their categories of temperament. The other options listed additional, non-applicable qualities or incorrectly paired qualities.

Question 4

What percentage of babies did Thomas and Chess find met their definition of "easy" babies?

Accepted Answer

Thomas and Chess found that approximately 40% of babies met their definition of "easy" babies in their temperament study.

Question 5

The Ifaluk people of Micronesia do not use ID speech.How do they view talking to children?

Accepted Answer

The Ifaluk people believe that there is no point in speaking to infants because they cannot speak back. This reflects a cultural perspective on communication and the development of language skills in children.

Question 6

According to researchers, one explanation for why infants like infant-directed speech is __________.

Accepted Answer

Infant-directed speech is characterized by exaggerated pitch contours and slower tempo, which allows infants to better distinguish between individual sounds and words. This helps infants to extract the rules and patterns of language, which is a challenging task for them. Hence, one explanation for why infants like infant-directed speech is that it helps them unravel the mysteries of language.

Question 7

Do the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, which yield an overall DQ, predict later IQ? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Do the Bayley Scales of Infant Development,...

Question 8

When comparing cultures that use infant-directed (ID) speech to those that do not, it is clear that __________.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that while infant-directed speech can aid in language acquisition, language fluency typically develops in all infants within a few years, regardless of whether ID speech is used.

Question 9

Your neighbor tells you that she is going to buy her child the "Baby Einstein" videos, saying that "even though they are really expensive, they are worth it." She asks you what you think.Provide a response based on research evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your neighbor tells you that she is...

Question 10

Which of the following are Thomas and Chess's (1956) categories of temperament?

Accepted Answer

Thomas and Chess's (1956) categories of temperament include easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up. The other answer choices do not correspond to their categories.

Question 11

A 5-year-old English child is given chopsticks when she sits down for dinner at a Chinese restaurant while on vacation.She proceeds to hit them at the table and wants to take them home to use with her drum set.How would Piaget explain this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 5-year-old English child is given chopsticks...

Question 12

Even though infants can speak only a few words by the first birthday, they understand approximately __________.

Accepted Answer

By the time infants reach their first birthday, they typically understand around 50 words, even though they can only speak a few.

Question 13

How do researchers determine whether babies can tell the difference between two stimuli, given that their young subjects are not able to tell them?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do researchers determine whether babies can...

Question 14

In 1956, Thomas and Chess proposed the concept of __________.

Accepted Answer

Thomas and Chess proposed the concept of temperament, which refers to a person's characteristic style of behavior, emotions, and reactions that remain relatively stable throughout their lifetime.

Question 15

__________ comprises personal attributes such as irritability, soothability, emotional reactivity, and sociability.

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to a person's innate, individual behavioral and emotional tendencies. It includes personal attributes such as irritability, soothability, emotional reactivity, and sociability. Attachment refers to the emotional bond between a child and caregiver, while intelligence quotient and developmental quotient are measures of cognitive abilities and developmental milestones, respectively.

Question 16

One of the primary reasons adults talk to infants by raising the pitch of their voices, exaggerating their intonation, elongating vowels, and repeating words is because __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the primary reasons adults talk...

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of infant-directed (ID) speech?

Accepted Answer

The use of a higher pitch, exaggerated intonation, and repetitive phrases such as "good girl" are all characteristics of infant-directed speech, which is often used when speaking to infants and young children. Option B is the only one that contains these elements.

Answer: D
 Using a simple and direct sentence structure, as well as repeating key words, are also characteristic of infant-directed speech. Option D contains these elements, making it a correct choice.

Question 18

Would 3-year-olds enjoy the game of peek-a-boo? Would you expect to see cultural variations? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Would 3-year-olds enjoy the game of peek-a-boo?...

Question 19

How have researchers tested long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How have researchers tested long-term memory?...

Question 20

Briefly explain the findings of studies conducted in the early 1990s in which researchers claimed listening to Mozart enhanced cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain the findings of studies conducted...

Quiz 4: Infancy