Question 1

Dharma is asked to listen to a series of numbers (3, 5, 8, 4, 0).Which of the following is her correct response when the researcher gives her a task to test her working memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dharma is asked to listen to a...

Question 2

Which of the following is true of how children think about memory during middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

Children in middle childhood begin to understand the concept of time and the fact that memories can fade over time. They typically recognize that it is easier to remember more recent events than those that occurred a long time ago.

Question 3

What is one of the major criticisms of intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

One of the major criticisms of intelligence tests is that they can be culturally biased, meaning that some questions or tasks may be more familiar or easier for individuals from certain cultural backgrounds, leading to potential inaccuracies or unfairness in scoring.

Question 4

What is the most widely used IQ test?

Accepted Answer

Wechsler scales, particularly the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), are the most widely used IQ tests globally due to their strong psychometric properties, including reliability, validity, and normative data. They are also available in multiple languages and widely recognized by professionals in the field of psychology.

Question 5

Lynn and Mikk (2007) performed a study that included 46 countries.They found that IQ scores were highly correlated with __________.

Accepted Answer

The study by Lynn and Mikk (2007) found that IQ scores were highly correlated with school achievement.

Question 6

What memory strategy involves transforming bits of information in a way that connects them and hence makes them easier to remember?

Accepted Answer

Elaboration involves connecting bits of information in a meaningful way, such as creating acronyms or visualizing a story. This helps to create a stronger memory trace and aids in retrieval. Rehearsal and repetition are strategies for repeating information to strengthen memory, while organization involves categorizing information to make it more manageable.

Question 7

What memory strategy involves repeating the information to be learned over and over?

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal is the memory strategy that involves repeating the information to be learned over and over. This is a simple and effective way of storing information in short-term memory.

Question 8

A person who scores __________ on an IQ test is classified as having intellectual disability.

Accepted Answer

A person who scores 70 or below on an IQ test is classified as having intellectual disability according to the DSM-5 criteria. This represents approximately the bottom 2% of the population in terms of intellectual functioning.

Question 9

Children in middle childhood learn how to use memory strategies such as rehearsal, organization, and elaboration.These strategies are called __________.

Accepted Answer

Mnemonics are memory strategies that involve creating mental associations between new information and existing knowledge to make it easier to remember. Rehearsal involves repeating information in order to remember it, while organization involves categorizing and grouping information to make it easier to remember. Elaboration involves creating connections between new information and existing knowledge through the use of mental imagery or examples, which improves memory retention. The other options (working memory, mentalization, and cognitive efficiencies) do not accurately describe the memory strategies used by children in middle childhood.

Question 10

The capacity to retain information for a brief time and also process it in some way is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The capacity to retain information for a brief time and process it in some way is referred to as working memory. Mnemonics refers to strategies or methods used to aid memory retrieval. Rehearsal is a process of repeating information in order to remember it. Organization refers to the grouping of items or concepts in a structured manner.

Question 11

What is the term that the textbook defines as an understanding of how memory works?

Accepted Answer

The term that the textbook defines as an understanding of how memory works is metamemory. Metacognition refers to an understanding of one's own thought processes, while metaconfiguration and metaprocessing are not relevant terms in this context.

Question 12

You are going to go grocery shopping.To help you remember the items that you need to purchase, you put those items into two meaningful categories: pizza fixings and salad fixings.What memory strategy are you using?

Accepted Answer

The person is using organization as a memory strategy by categorizing the items into two groups based on their purpose. This helps them remember the items better and makes it easier to locate them in the store.

Question 13

The results of a child's performance on each index of the WISC-V provide an overall __________, which is calculated relative to the performance of other people of the same age, with 100 as the median score.

Accepted Answer

The term "intelligence quotient" (IQ) is a standardized score that is derived from the child's performance on the WISC-V, which is calculated relative to the performance of other people of the same age, with 100 as the median score. It is the most commonly used measure of intelligence and is often used to identify intellectual giftedness or intellectual disability. Choice A (intelligence score) and D (intelligence ability) are not commonly used terms in psychology, and choice B (intelligence potential) is not a recognized concept in intelligence testing.

Question 14

Your daughter's teacher thinks that your daughter should be in the gifted program at school.The school psychologist will be using an IQ test to determine whether she qualifies.What IQ test is the school psychologist likely to use?

Accepted Answer

The most commonly used IQ test for children is the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), and the latest version is the WISC-V. The Stanford-Binet and Kaufman tests are also commonly used, but the WISC-V is the most likely choice for a school psychologist evaluating a child for the gifted program. The MENSA test is not typically used in academic settings and is not an official IQ test.

Question 15

__________ is a person's capacity for acquiring knowledge, reasoning, and solving problems.

Accepted Answer

Intelligence refers to a person's cognitive abilities including the capacity for acquiring knowledge, reasoning, and solving problems. Personality, temperament, and attachment are all related to a person's emotional and social characteristics, but not directly related to cognitive abilities.

Question 16

When you were learning math, you learned PEMDAS, or "Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally," to remember the order of operations.What memory strategy does this represent?

Accepted Answer

The memory strategy represented by PEMDAS is elaboration, as it involves creating a meaningful connection between the letters in the acronym and the order of operations in math. Elaboration involves making connections between new information and existing knowledge or experiences in order to create a stronger memory trace.

Question 17

Your new friend just told you her cell number so you can enter it in your phone.However, you left your cell phone in your dorm room.You keep repeating the number over and over in your head so that you will be able to enter the number in your cell phone once you get to it.What memory strategy are you using?

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal is the memory strategy of repeating information over and over again in order to maintain it in short-term memory. This is exactly what the person is doing by repeating the phone number in their head until they can enter it into their cell phone later.

Question 18

The WISC-V assesses cognitive ability on five indexes, including the Verbal Comprehension Index, the Visual Spatial Index, the Processing Speed Index, the Working Memory Index, and the __________.

Accepted Answer

The five indexes in the WISC-V are the Verbal Comprehension Index, the Visual Spatial Index, the Processing Speed Index, the Working Memory Index, and the Fluid Reasoning Index, making D the correct choice. The other options, Vocabulary Index, Social-Cultural Index, and Motivation Index, are not included in the WISC-V.

Question 19

The Wechsler scales used for children ages 3 to 7 is referred to as the __________.

Accepted Answer

WPPSI stands for Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, which is the Wechsler scale specifically designed for children aged 3 to 7 years old. The WISC-V is for children aged 6 to 16 years old, and the WAIS and WAIS-V are for individuals aged 16 and older. Therefore, the best choice is A - WPPSI.

Question 20

One common measure of executive function is the __________, which shows images that combine two dimensions, such as color and shape.If asked to identify color and then shape, the switch condition requires executive function.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One common measure of executive function is...

Quiz 7: Middle Childhood

Dharma is asked to listen to a series of numbers (3, 5, 8, 4, 0) .Which of the following is her correct response when the researcher gives her a task to test her working memory?