Question 1

If a patient could not pass food from pharynx to stomach,there would probably be a blockage in the

Accepted Answer

If stomach acid is allowed to reflux, it can damage the esophagus.

Question 2

In Western countries,up to 10% of the population develops gastric ulcers,many due to Helicobacter pylori.One adaptation this bacteria has is to secrete urease that produces the base ammonia from urea.How would this contribute to Helicobacter pylori causing ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Ulcers can be cured with antibiotics, something which was only understood in the 1990s.

Question 3

To help a patient who is malnourished for vitamin C,you would prescribe eating more

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is a critical antioxidant which the human body cannot produce.

Question 4

The semisolid mass of food and gastric juice in the human stomach is termed

Accepted Answer

While in the stomach, the chyme is quite acidic.

Question 5

The passage of food needs to occur in a controlled way,so the body contains rings of muscle in the digestive tract that regulate the movement of food.These are

Accepted Answer

Some sphincters are under voluntary control, while others are involuntary.

Question 6

To make use of the sugar in milk,your body needs the enzyme

Accepted Answer

In general, an enzyme to break down substance x is called "x-ase."

Question 7

A gram of carbohydrate yields the same amount of calories as in a gram of

Accepted Answer

A gram of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins does not necessarily provide the same amount of calories.

Question 8

Beano is a product containing an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables,thereby reducing gas production when these foods are eaten.Why would humans need to take Beano to avoid gas?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria in the gut are opportunistic and will use any leftover resources available.

Question 9

If a person eats large quantities of food and then intentionally vomits,constantly going through what are called binge and purge patterns,they most likely suffer from the eating disorder known as

Accepted Answer

Bulimia leads to malnutrition and damage to the esophagus, the latter from stomach acid.

Question 10

The structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing,thereby preventing food from entering the air passage,is the

Accepted Answer

The epiglottis is a moveable flap designed to prevent the aspiration of food and liquids.

Question 11

If you wanted to create a medical weapon to cause enemy soldiers to be unable to absorb nutrients,you would target the

Accepted Answer

Villi and the microvilli attached to them give the small intestine its abundant surface area for absorbing nutrients.

Question 12

Which is caused by a vitamin C deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Scurvy involves the loss of teeth and the reopening of healed wounds when scar tissue breaks down without enough vitamin C.

Question 13

Acid reflux would occur under which conditions?

Accepted Answer

The stomach has an acid-resistant lining, but the esophagus does not, leading to serious damage when repeated acid reflux occurs.

Question 14

Morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI (body mass index)of at least

Accepted Answer

Morbid obesity is such a degree of overweight that serious debilitating conditions soon follow.

Question 15

Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of niacin?

Accepted Answer

Pellagra involves problems with the skin and with mental function.

Question 16

If you eat a lot of meat,one enzyme needed to break down all of that protein would be

Accepted Answer

Pepsin is one example of the broader category of protein-degrading enzymes called proteases.

Question 17

The human large intestine is about ________ in length.

Accepted Answer

The human large intestine is not much shorter than the body in which it is found.

Question 18

Which disease is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

Rickets leads to bowed, malformed legs.

Question 19

The enzyme that breaks down starch is

Accepted Answer

Amylase breaks down amylose, which is an older name for starch.

Question 20

The enzyme that breaks down fats is

Accepted Answer

Lipases break down a range of lipids found in the diet.

Quiz 28: The Digestive and Urinary Systems