Question 1

Janet tells her husband that their infant son, Josh, is exhibiting echolalia.What behaviour is she referring to?

Accepted Answer

Echolalia is the repetition of sounds or words that are spoken by others. Therefore, if Janet is referring to her infant son Josh exhibiting echolalia, she means that he is repeating syllables that he hears from others.

Question 2

What is the definition of a morpheme?

Accepted Answer

A morpheme is the smallest unit in language that carries meaning. It can be a word like "cat" or a prefix like "anti-".

Question 3

Brian and Tamara are concerned because their 12-month-old son has yet to speak his first word.What would an expert in child development most likely to tell Brian and Tamara?

Accepted Answer

Children's normal range for speaking their first word is between 8 and 18 months of age, so the expert in child development would most likely tell Brian and Tamara not to be concerned at this point.

Question 4

A child says "doggy." What is this word an example of?

Accepted Answer

"Doggy" is an example of a holophrase, which is a single word or phrase that expresses a complete thought or idea. In this case, the child is likely referring to a dog they see or are thinking about.

Question 5

Harry is an average 12-month-old male child.How many words can Harry understand?

Accepted Answer

By the age of 12 months, an average child can understand about 50 to 70 words, making option D (84 words) the closest and most accurate choice given the options.

Question 6

A child learns to call a dog "bow-wow" and now calls all animals he sees "bow-wow." What is this child's behaviour an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of overextension, where the child uses a word (bow-wow) that he has learned for a specific object (dog) to refer to all objects that share similar characteristics (other animals).

Question 7

Ashley is an average 12-month-old child.How many words can Ashley speak?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ashley is an average 12-month-old child.How many...

Question 8

At what age is an infant's first word typically spoken?

Accepted Answer

The typical age range for a baby's first word is between 11 and 13 months of age. While some babies may say their first word as early as 9 months or as late as 18 months, the average age falls within this range. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are all incorrect.

Question 9

What is the definition of the expressive language style?

Accepted Answer

Expressive language style refers to the use of language as a means for engaging in social interaction, such as storytelling or expressing emotions. It involves using words to convey thoughts and feelings in a coherent and meaningful way. Using personal pronouns (A) and labeling objects (B) may be a part of expressive language style but are not the definition. Using words to practice vocal cords (D) is not related to expressive language style.

Question 10

Olivia has learned to call a toy truck "tru." Now whenever she sees any toy with wheels, she calls it "tru." What is Olivia's response an example of?

Accepted Answer

Olivia's response is an example of overextension, as she is extending the word "tru" to refer to any toy with wheels, rather than just the specific toy truck she initially learned the word for.

Question 11

What is the relationship between receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary?

Accepted Answer

Receptive vocabulary refers to the words that an individual can understand when they hear or read them, while expressive vocabulary refers to the words that an individual is able to use when speaking or writing. It is common for an individual's receptive vocabulary to be larger than their expressive vocabulary, as they may be able to understand words that they do not use in their own language production. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.

Question 12

What is the definition of the referential language style?

Accepted Answer

The referential language style is characterized by using language to label and describe objects in the environment. This style is often observed in young children who are learning language and are focused on learning the names of objects and their properties. It is different from the expressive language style which is more focused on using language to express emotions and engage in social interaction.

Question 13

Theo is 10 months old.His parents overhear him talking to himself in his crib.His language resembles adult speech in sound, with words rising and falling.What term best describes Theo's vocalizations?

Accepted Answer

Theo's vocalizations resembling adult speech in sound with words rising and falling suggest that he has developed an understanding of intonation, which refers to the rising and falling patterns of pitch and stress in speech.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a specific nominal?

Accepted Answer

A specific nominal refers to a unique entity or individual, often signified by a proper name. "Mr. Rogers" is a specific nominal because it refers to a particular person, unlike the other options which are more general or descriptive.

Question 15

A child refers to the "meese" that he saw in the zoo.His mother knows her child saw a moose at the zoo, based on the fact that he knows "geese" refers to more than one goose.What is this child's error an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of overextension, which occurs when a child uses a word to refer to a broader range of objects than the word typically encompasses. In this case, the child overextends the rule for forming the plural form of "goose" to "moose," resulting in "meese."

Question 16

What is a receptive vocabulary?

Accepted Answer

Receptive vocabulary refers to all the words a child or individual can understand or comprehend, even if they cannot yet produce them themselves.

Question 17

After children begin to speak their first words, what is the pace of their verbal acquisition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of After children begin to speak their first...

Question 18

What is the definition of a specific nominal?

Accepted Answer

A specific nominal refers to a proper noun, which is a name used for an individual person, place, or organization.

Question 19

At 18 months of age, Ben could speak approximately 50 words.However, by 22 months of age, his vocabulary had increased to almost 300 words, most of which were nouns.What term describes Ben's most recent language development?

Accepted Answer

Ben's sudden increase in vocabulary is referred to as the naming explosion, which typically occurs between 18 and 24 months of age. This is when children rapidly acquire a large number of words, often consisting of mostly nouns, as they begin to understand how to label objects in their environment.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an example of a general nominal?

Accepted Answer

"Pretty" is an adjective, not a nominal. The other options are all examples of general nominals, meaning they refer to general categories or classes of things (e.g. cars, dogs, balls).

Quiz 5: Infancy: Cognitive Development