Question 1

Which of the following factors does NOT reduce retirement satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Lack of a relationship with one's children is not directly related to retirement satisfaction and therefore does not reduce it. The other factors listed have been found to be associated with reduced retirement satisfaction.

Question 2

Which of the following best represents the findings of research on adjustment in retirement?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that those who retire on time and are married tend to be the happiest in retirement in terms of adjustment. Retiring later or being single were not found to be significant predictors of adjustment. Additionally, reducing activity levels may actually increase feelings of boredom and isolation in retirement.

Question 3

Which of the following best characterizes happiness during retirement?

Accepted Answer

Happiness during retirement is influenced by factors such as the control over the transition into retirement and the level of financial resources. A person who has control over the transition and has enough financial resources to support their lifestyle is more likely to experience happiness during retirement.

Question 4

You notice that everyone in the family is discussing your grandmother's well-being.You think she is great.Which of the following do you share, demonstrating that your grandmother possesses the best characteristics of those who age successfully?

Accepted Answer

Optimism is a common characteristic of those who age successfully, and the fact that the individual thinks their grandmother is great suggests that she likely has this trait. The other options (B, C, and D) do not necessarily indicate successful aging.

Question 5

Which of the following best represents the findings of a British study of leisure activities in older adults?

Accepted Answer

The question asks for the best representation of the findings of the study, and option D is the most accurate generalization of the results. The study found that most older adults were involved in at least one leisure activity, indicating that leisure was important to them. While the study did not focus on the level of activity, it did find that both passive and active leisure activities were enjoyed. The study also did not indicate that social activities were the most common; rather, it found that socialization was an important aspect of leisure for many participants. Therefore, based on the options provided, option D is the best choice.

Question 6

Which of the following was NOT a result of a recent study of Japanese retirees and their leisure activities?

Accepted Answer

Option D states the opposite of what the study found. The study actually found that men's mental well-being was more connected to leisure activities than women's mental well-being. Therefore, D is not a result of the study.

Question 7

A research study randomly assigned participants either to be foster grandparents who carried out physical challenges for 10 years or to a control group that had NO physical challenges.What did the findings reveal regarding the foster grandparent group?

Accepted Answer

The question states that the foster grandparent group carried out physical challenges for 10 years, and the question asks about the findings for this group. Choice B is the most relevant and accurate, as the group who carried out physical challenges would likely be more physically and mentally able compared to the control group who had no physical challenges. The other choices are not supported in the question and are therefore incorrect.

Question 8

Which of the following best characterizes the retirement plans of men in same-sex couples?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that men in same-sex couples are more likely to plan for retirement interdependently with their partners compared to women in same-sex couples. This may be due to the fact that men in same-sex couples tend to have higher incomes and are therefore more able to save for retirement. Additionally, because same-sex couples cannot rely on traditional gender roles in the same way as heterosexual couples, they may be more likely to have open and explicit discussions about their retirement plans and make decisions jointly.

Question 9

What is the definition of selective optimization with compensation?

Accepted Answer

Selective optimization with compensation is a theory of aging that suggests individuals can maintain their well-being and quality of life by managing to maximize gains (best outcomes) while minimizing losses (worst outcomes). This involves selectively concentrating on certain activities or goals, optimizing performance in those areas, and compensating for any physical or cognitive decline by finding new ways to achieve the same goals or by prioritizing different goals.

Question 10

Which of the following best characterizes joint leisure activities during later adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Joint leisure activities during later adulthood can contribute to marital satisfaction and family well-being. This is because engaging in enjoyable activities together can strengthen emotional bonds and increase feelings of connectedness between family members. Additionally, participating in activities that are mutually enjoyable can help couples enjoy their retirement years together and create positive memories that they can look back on in the future.

Question 11

Which of the following statements best describes successful aging?

Accepted Answer

Successful aging involves a variety of complex factors such as physical ability, social contacts, and health. It is not solely determined by gender, nor is it rare or necessarily compromised by extended family conflict.

Question 12

Which of the following best represents leisure activities during retirement?

Accepted Answer

Leisure activities have been found to be related to better physical and mental health outcomes during retirement, including reducing the risk of depression and increasing happiness. Rest is also important for retired adults, but engaging in leisure activities can provide additional benefits.

Question 13

Annabelle, who is 80, spends much of her time at quilting classes, meeting her best friend for lunch, and reading books about ancient Roman history.Which of the following best describes Annabelle?

Accepted Answer

Annabelle is engaging in activities that she enjoys and that contribute to her overall wellbeing, such as socializing, learning, and exercising her mind through reading about history. She may not be engaging in intense physical activity, but she is still likely getting some movement through her quilting classes and outings with her friend. Therefore, she is maximizing her gains, while minimizing her losses.

Question 14

Which of the following statements best represents Kleiber and Kelly's (1980) model of leisure activities in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Kleiber and Kelly's (1980) model suggests that leisure activities may become central to the retiree's identity and self-acceptance in late adulthood. This means that engaging in leisure activities may have a positive impact on older adults' well-being, social connections, and psychological functioning. It does not suggest that older adults should avoid leisure activities or that these activities lead to self-doubt and depression, as implied in options A and D. Option B is too broad, as satisfaction levels may vary depending on the type of leisure activity and the individual's preferences and circumstances.

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT characterize retirement planning in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that retirement planning is typically organized by men in heterosexual couples, not women. Option A, B, and D are all true statements about retirement planning in Canada.

Question 16

Which of the following does NOT characterize those who are successful agers?

Accepted Answer

Successful agers are known for being adaptable and open to change, so they do not resist attempts to reshape their life. Instead, they embrace new experiences and continue to learn and grow. Therefore, option D does not characterize those who are successful agers.

Question 17

According to the research on people aged 70 and older, which of the following best describes successful agers?

Accepted Answer

According to the research, successful agers form emotional goals that bring them satisfaction, such as spending time with family or engaging in hobbies. This is in contrast to simply trying to maintain physical health or compete with younger people. The other options are not supported by the research.

Question 18

In Aboriginal culture, which of the following best describes the concept of "elders"?

Accepted Answer

In Aboriginal culture, elders are considered to be the gatekeepers of wisdom, knowledge, and history. They hold important cultural knowledge and have a deep understanding of traditional ways of living and spiritual practices. They are respected and valued for their knowledge and invited to participate in important cultural ceremonies and decision-making processes.

Question 19

A study of former university employees conducted by Jo-Ida Hansen and her colleagues showed that leisure activities were divided into different clusters, or factors.Which of the following activities was NOT included in those clusters?

Accepted Answer

According to the information provided, attending academic seminars was not included in the clusters of leisure activities identified by Hansen and her colleagues. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Question 20

Which of the following statements best characterizes pre-retirement identities?

Accepted Answer

Pre-retirement identities often include a person's occupation, social status, and community roles, which can strongly influence their post-retirement identities. It is common for people to struggle with their sense of self and purpose after retirement if they strongly identified with their career, for example. Therefore, understanding one's pre-retirement identity can be helpful in planning for a fulfilling retirement.

Quiz 18: Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development