Question 1

Memory research by Craik and Tulving (1975)suggests that it is not necessarily the amount of time an individual spends on studying, it is _____ that enhances the accuracy of recall and overall memory of the information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Memory research by Craik and Tulving (1975)suggests...

Question 2

_____ is a term used to describe when an individual cannot consciously recall a trauma that occurred in his/her life because it is too painful to remember.
A)False memories
B)Infantile amnesia
C)Retrograde amnesia
D)Repression

Accepted Answer

Repression is a psychological defense mechanism where an individual unconsciously blocks out traumatic events or memories to protect themselves from the pain associated with them. This can result in the individual being unable to consciously recall the traumatic event, known as repressed memories.

Question 3

Misleading information can often be inadvertently supplied to an eyewitness during the process of an investigator's interview and can result in false recollections. When this happens it is known as _____
A)the misinformation effect.
B)source amnesia.
C)encoding failure.
D)retrieval failure.

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe when misleading information is supplied to an eyewitness during an investigator's interview resulting in false recollections is the misinformation effect.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding eyewitness testimony?
A)Eyewitness testimony is very accurate.
B)The stress of witnessing a crime makes the memory very reliable.
C)Eyewitnesses encode the most important information at the scene.
D)Eyewitness testimony is relied upon in the U.S. courts and legal system.

Accepted Answer

Eyewitness testimony is a common and influential element in the U.S. courts and legal system, despite research showing that it can be unreliable due to factors like memory distortion, stress, and suggestive questioning.

Question 5

The three basic processes, in addition to consolidation, required for remembering are _____, _____, and _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three basic processes, in addition to...

Question 6

When an individual unintentionally constructs memories of events that never occurred, often influenced by another person's suggestions, these are called _____
A)repressed memories.
B)false memories.
C)psychological recreation.
D)confabulations.

Accepted Answer

False memories are memories of events that never occurred and have been constructed without intent to deceive, often due to the suggestion by an influential source that something similar did, or must have, occurred.

Question 7

Brendan just witnessed a hit-and-run accident. He is looking for his cell phone to call the police and desperately wants to remember the license plate number on the car. He begins to repeat the number over and over, a memory strategy called _____ rehearsal, so he won't forget the plate information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brendan just witnessed a hit-and-run accident. He...

Question 8

_____ is a general strategy of repeating information in order to help maintain that information in the short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a general strategy of repeating...

Question 9

After he was sexually assaulted, Gordon went to the police and filed a report. Later, the police asked Gordon if he'd be willing to look at potential suspects one by one. Gordon agreed to do so. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)He would be more accurate if he saw them all at once.
B)He would be more accurate if shown photos first.
C)He will be more accurate seeing them one by one than all at a time.
D)He will not be able to identify anyone this way.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that viewing people one at a time reduces the risk of misidentification, as compared to seeing them all at once in a lineup.

Question 10

The _____ is the theory of memory that compares human cognitive processing to that of a computer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ is the theory of memory...

Question 11

Fifteen hours of cramming for a final the day before the exam is an example of _____, whereas devoting an hour per day for 15 days to one of your classes is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fifteen hours of cramming for a final...

Question 12

_____ occur(s)when a person unintentionally constructs memories that never occurred and experiences them as real memories.
A)False memory
B)Retrograde reconstruction
C)Malingering
D)Reaction formation

Accepted Answer

False memory is the phenomenon where an individual creates or recalls a memory that is not based on actual events, but rather on suggestions or other influences. These false memories can feel as real and vivid as actual memories, leading the person to believe that the events actually happened. Retrograde reconstruction refers to the reconstruction of memories from the past, while malingering refers to the intentional faking of symptoms or illness for personal gain. Reaction formation is a defense mechanism where a person displays a behavior opposite of their true feelings.

Question 13

Ideally, college students should study their material beyond the point at which it can be repeated once without error. When they do, they are engaging in _____, which has been shown to assist in maintaining new information better and longer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ideally, college students should study their material...

Question 14

The major differences between sensory and short-term memory, according to the model of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, are _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major differences between sensory and short-term...

Question 15

According to the model of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, _____, _____, and _____ are the three memory systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the model of memory proposed...

Question 16

Bernice, a teenager, can remember her first day of kindergarten, but cannot seem to remember anything in her life that occurred before that. Bernice is likely experiencing _____
A)retrograde amnesia.
B)childhood repression.
C)infantile amnesia.
D)an inability to reconstruct repressed memories.

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia refers to the fact that we cannot remember much of what occurred in the first few years of our lives.

Question 17

_____ refers to the notion that we cannot remember what occurred in the first few years of our lives.
A)Retrograde amnesia
B)Infantile amnesia
C)Childhood repression
D)Anterograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia refers to the inability of adults to recall events that occurred during the first few years of life. Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory of events that occurred before a traumatic event, while anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to create new memories after a traumatic event. Childhood repression is a controversial theory that suggests that traumatic memories from childhood are repressed and stored in the unconscious mind.

Question 18

Eyewitnesses who perceive themselves to be more objective have more confidence in their testimony and are _____
A)more accurate.
B)more likely to include incorrect information.
C)able to give more detailed testimony.
D)especially good observers.

Accepted Answer

Eyewitnesses who perceive themselves as more objective and have more confidence in their testimony are not necessarily more accurate but are more likely to include incorrect information due to overconfidence in their recollections.

Question 19

Janna likes to talk about her recovered memories of her own birth and the events of the first two years of her life. She provides many details and gets very emotional telling the stories. What does science tell us about these memories?
A)The are likely very accurate because there was not much retrograde interference that early.
B)It is extremely unlikely they are real, as the brain is not developed enough to form and store such memories during those years.
C)It is understandable she recovered these memories because they are so traumatic.
D)Janna is lying; no one can think they remember things from that early in life.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus and cortical areas necessary to form and store long-term memory are not yet developed enough to supply these types of memories.

Question 20

_____ is a memory strategy that involves connecting new information with information already stored in memory; it is utilized in learning and remembering complex information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a memory strategy that involves...

Quiz 6: Memory

Memory research by Craik and Tulving (1975)suggests that it is not necessarily the amount of time an individual spends on studying, it is _____ that enhances the accuracy of recall and overall memory of the information.

_____ is a term used to describe when an individual cannot consciously recall a trauma that occurred in his/her life because it is too painful to remember.

Misleading information can often be inadvertently supplied to an eyewitness during the process of an investigator's interview and can result in false recollections. When this happens it is known as _____

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding eyewitness testimony?

The three basic processes, in addition to consolidation, required for remembering are ___, _, and ___.

When an individual unintentionally constructs memories of events that never occurred, often influenced by another person's suggestions, these are called _____

Brendan just witnessed a hit-and-run accident. He is looking for his cell phone to call the police and desperately wants to remember the license plate number on the car. He begins to repeat the number over and over, a memory strategy called _____ rehearsal, so he won't forget the plate information.

_____ is a general strategy of repeating information in order to help maintain that information in the short-term memory.

After he was sexually assaulted, Gordon went to the police and filed a report. Later, the police asked Gordon if he'd be willing to look at potential suspects one by one. Gordon agreed to do so. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The _____ is the theory of memory that compares human cognitive processing to that of a computer.

Fifteen hours of cramming for a final the day before the exam is an example of _, whereas devoting an hour per day for 15 days to one of your classes is an example of _.

_____ occur(s) when a person unintentionally constructs memories that never occurred and experiences them as real memories.

Ideally, college students should study their material beyond the point at which it can be repeated once without error. When they do, they are engaging in _____, which has been shown to assist in maintaining new information better and longer.

The major differences between sensory and short-term memory, according to the model of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, are _ and _.

According to the model of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, ___, _, and ___ are the three memory systems.

Bernice, a teenager, can remember her first day of kindergarten, but cannot seem to remember anything in her life that occurred before that. Bernice is likely experiencing _____

_____ refers to the notion that we cannot remember what occurred in the first few years of our lives.

Eyewitnesses who perceive themselves to be more objective have more confidence in their testimony and are _____

Janna likes to talk about her recovered memories of her own birth and the events of the first two years of her life. She provides many details and gets very emotional telling the stories. What does science tell us about these memories?

_____ is a memory strategy that involves connecting new information with information already stored in memory; it is utilized in learning and remembering complex information.