Question 1

The _____ assumes that humans are motivated to reduce tension, whereas the _____ assumes humans are sometimes motivated to increase tension.

Accepted Answer

Reducing tensions (drives)to get back to a balanced internal state is the main idea behind the drive-reduction theory. Increasing tension, due to boredom, in an effort to achieve the optimal level of arousal, is a part of the arousal theory.

Question 2

The drive-reduction theory rests on the idea that our bodies strive to maintain _____

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction theory proposes that physiological needs create an internal state of tension or arousal that motivates an organism to engage in behaviors aimed at reducing these needs and maintaining homeostasis, the body's balanced and stable internal environment. Therefore, the theory is based on the idea that our bodies strive to maintain basic needs and achieve homeostasis.

Question 3

A stimulus from the environment that motivates a behavior is called _____

Accepted Answer

External stimuli, such as money, that serve as motivation for behavior are called incentives.

Question 4

Sonya has been working diligently for the last six years on her doctorate in sociology. She finds the hard work exciting and she loves the challenge; that is what keeps her going. Her motivation fits the definition of _____

Accepted Answer

No motivation but the enjoyment of hard work and challenge is mentioned. That is the essence of high achievement motivation.

Question 5

The _____ was developed by _____

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction theory was developed by Clark Hull, who believed that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal physiological drives, such as hunger or thirst. The other options are incorrect: the sexual response cycle was developed by Masters and Johnson, the Yerkes-Dodson law was developed by Robert Yerkes and John Dodson, and the instinct theory was not developed by Simon LeVay (he is a neuroscientist known for his research on the biological basis of sexual orientation).

Question 6

Averee spends about three hours every Saturday at the local nursing home. She spends her time playing cards with some of the residents and has many great conversations while she is there. Averee does not get paid for her time, but does it because she really enjoys spending time with them. Averee is said to be _____

Accepted Answer

Averee is doing this because she enjoys the residents.

Question 7

Fiona drives the speed limit solely because she does not want a traffic ticket. Fiona is said to be _____

Accepted Answer

Fiona drives the speed limit, not because she wants to, but because she wants to avoid a ticket.

Question 8

Shannon was so hungry that she found herself unable to concentrate on her studies. The only thing she could think of was food, which made it impossible to learn the material in her textbook. She decided to leave the library and eat dinner before returning to study again. Which of the following theories best describes Shannon's motivation to go eat dinner?

Accepted Answer

Shannon's motivation was fueled by her need for a balanced internal state (homeostasis). Hunger was the drive (tension)Shannon was experiencing. Until she was back to a balanced internal state, hunger was the focus of her thoughts and behaviors.

Question 9

_____ results when the desire to do something comes from obtaining a reward or avoiding an undesirable consequence; _____ results when the desire to do something comes from within.

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards or punishments, while intrinsic motivation arises from within and is driven by personal interest or enjoyment in a task.

Question 10

_____ comes from a desire to behave in a certain way because it is enjoyable or satisfying in and of itself.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation comes from within and refers to engaging in an activity simply because you find it enjoyable or satisfying. It is driven by personal interest, enjoyment, or curiosity rather than external factors such as rewards or punishments.

Question 11

Stan just ran a mile in the heat and all he can think about is getting something to drink and cooling off. Stan is experiencing the effects predicted by the _____

Accepted Answer

Stan's physiology is out of balance and is driving him to restore it to homeostasis.

Question 12

According to Clark Hull, an internal state of tension is called _____

Accepted Answer

According to Clark Hull, an internal state of tension is called a drive. Hull's Drive Reduction Theory suggests that behavior is motivated by a desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet needs, which results in the formation of a drive.

Question 13

Psychologists generally agree that _____ true instincts motivate human behavior.

Accepted Answer

While humans do have innate drives and impulses, such as hunger and the desire for social connection, psychologists believe that behavior is largely shaped by environmental and cultural factors rather than preprogrammed instincts.

Question 14

The _____ implies that the primary reason for motivation is to maintain just the right level of mental and physical activity and alertness-not being too bored or too overwhelmed.

Accepted Answer

This is an alternate explanation for arousal theory.

Question 15

_____ results when the desire to engage in a particular behavior is to gain some reward or to avoid some undesirable consequence.

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation occurs when an individual is motivated to perform an activity to earn a reward or avoid punishment, rather than for the activity's own inherent enjoyment or satisfaction.

Question 16

George volunteers his time in the emergency room at his local hospital. Although he does not get paid for his time, he does expect that being able to list this volunteer work on his resume will help him get into the nursing program he wants to attend. _____ best explains George's reason to volunteer his time.

Accepted Answer

The primary reason George is doing this is to help him get into nursing school.

Question 17

When individuals engage in a particular behavior because they find it pleasurable in and of itself, they are said to be _____

Accepted Answer

When motivated by the internal reaction and not by any external rewards, we call this intrinsic motivation.

Question 18

Leo was sitting in his history class and was extremely bored by the lecture. Before he knew it, he was doodling all over his notes and found himself thinking of what else he could draw. Which theory of motivation best describes why Leo began drawing?

Accepted Answer

Leo was doodling on his paper to increase his alertness so he wouldn't feel so bored.

Question 19

Travis and Chris are both high school teachers, but they also have summer jobs. They create patios and walkways with brick pavers. Travis works in the summer because he likes to be outside and enjoys creating artistic patios for others. Chris works during the summer because he wants the extra money. Based on this scenario, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Travis is engaging in the behavior primarily because he enjoys it, not for the external reward.

Question 20

Children playing at recess because they enjoy it is to _____ as delivering pizzas solely because one earns a paycheck is to _____

Accepted Answer

Children playing for fun is an intrinsic motive, while working for a paycheck is an extrinsic motivation.

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion

The _ assumes that humans are motivated to reduce tension, whereas the _ assumes humans are sometimes motivated to increase tension.