Question 1

Exposure and response prevention has been found to be particularly effective at treating

Accepted Answer

Exposure and response prevention is a type of behavioral therapy commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and has been found to be particularly effective for this disorder. It involves gradually exposing the person to anxiety-provoking situations (exposure) and then preventing the compulsive behaviors that they typically engage in to reduce anxiety (response prevention). It is not a first-line treatment for panic disorder, social phobia, or generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 2

Data suggest that the client's perception of the therapeutic relationship

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently demonstrated that the therapeutic relationship, including the client's perception of that relationship, is a significant predictor of treatment outcome across various forms of psychotherapy, including behavioral therapy. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 3

A study comparing the effectiveness of two forms of treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia (Craske et al.,1997)found that

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

Definitions of behavior therapy are diverse,but all of them tend to emphasize

Accepted Answer

The emphasis on an experimental approach to the study of human behavior is a defining characteristic of behavior therapy. This approach involves using scientific methods to systematically observe and analyze behavior, and to test hypotheses about how different interventions may affect behavior. Clinical inference and mentalism are not the main focus of behavior therapy, which instead prioritizes data-driven and evidence-based approaches.

Question 5

__________ procedures attempt to alter behavior by controlling the consequences of the behavior.

Accepted Answer

Operant procedures attempt to alter behavior by controlling the consequences of the behavior, whereas classical conditioning focuses on developing associations between stimuli. Restructuring involves changing a person's thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes to improve their behavior, and Pavlovian conditioning is another term for classical conditioning.

Question 6

ALL BUT WHICH of the following distinguishes the therapeutic relationship in behavior therapy from that of other therapies?

Accepted Answer

In behavior therapy, the therapist tends to adopt a more collaborative style and may be more accepting of the problem as viewed/presented by the client. Additionally, the treatment recommended by the therapist may more obviously address the problematic behavior. However, the therapeutic relationship in behavior therapy is not necessarily less warm or empathic compared to other therapies. Therefore, option B distinguishes the therapeutic relationship in behavior therapy from other therapies in an incorrect way.

Question 7

Joseph Wolpe's name is most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Joseph Wolpe is most closely associated with systematic desensitization, a type of behavioral therapy used to treat anxiety disorders.

Question 8

To achieve maximum benefit in exposure therapy,

Accepted Answer

Graduated exposure involves a step-by-step approach where the client is gradually exposed to increasingly anxiety-provoking stimuli. This helps in building tolerance and reducing fear. Starting with low-level anxiety-evoking stimuli and progressively moving towards higher levels is the most effective way to achieve maximum benefit in exposure therapy. Short duration exposures may not be sufficient to elicit fear and reduce anxiety, while avoiding anxiety-provoking stimuli altogether does not allow for the necessary habituation and desensitization to occur. It is also important for the client to attend to the feared stimuli during exposure, as avoidance can maintain anxiety and prevent habituation.

Question 9

Dr.Olaf and Marcus are proceeding through a systematic desensitization exercise when Marcus signals that he feels anxious.Given what you know about the treatment,what should happen next?

Accepted Answer

When a patient feels anxious during a systematic desensitization exercise, the therapist should not halt the treatment entirely (as this would reinforce the patient's anxiety) or push the patient to endure the anxiety until it subsides naturally (which could be overwhelming or traumatic). Instead, the therapist should help the patient to relax and then resume the exercise, potentially at a lower level of exposure or with more support. It may also be helpful for the therapist to discuss the patient's anxiety and explore strategies for managing it during future exercises. Option C best reflects these principles.

Question 10

Susan is a client with a phobia of airplanes who is seeing Dr.Williams,a behavioral therapist.Which of the following should occur during systematic desensitization?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization involves teaching the client relaxation techniques that they can use while being gradually exposed to the object of their phobia, starting with the least anxiety-provoking scenario and moving towards the most anxiety-provoking. Teaching Susan to relax by audiorecording instructions for tensing and relaxing various muscle groups is a direct application of this method.

Question 11

In __________ exposure,the client actually confronts the feared stimulus or anxiety-provoking situation.

Accepted Answer

In vivo exposure involves direct confrontation with the feared stimulus or situation in real life. Simulated exposure involves creating situations that resemble the feared stimulus or situation, but are not the actual thing. Experiential exposure involves creating situations that allow the client to experience the feared stimulus or situation in a safe and controlled environment. In imagino exposure involves client imagining the feared stimulus or situation in a therapeutic setting.

Question 12

Systematic desensitization

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is based on the principle that one cannot be simultaneously anxious and relaxed, which is why it involves gradually exposing a person to a feared object or situation while teaching them relaxation techniques to overcome their anxiety.

Question 13

Relaxation training in systematic desensitization

Accepted Answer

Relaxation training in systematic desensitization involves teaching the client to tense and relax particular muscle groups to help them manage anxiety. This technique is a core component of systematic desensitization therapy.

Question 14

In the 1950s,Rotter theorized that

Accepted Answer

Rotter's theory, known as social learning theory, posits that behavior is determined by both the expectancy that it would be reinforced and the value of the reinforcement itself.

Question 15

In 1924,Mary Cover Jones worked with a young boy to remove a fear of rabbits and similar objects.Her therapeutic technique

Accepted Answer

Mary Cover Jones' therapeutic technique was similar to Wolpe's later techniques involving reciprocal inhibition. She paired the rabbits with objects that elicited a lower intensity of fear in the child, gradually decreasing the fear response. This is the basic principle of reciprocal inhibition, which involves pairing a fear-provoking stimulus with a response that is incompatible with fear, such as relaxation.

Question 16

If a client who has never been taught proper table manners becomes seriously anxious while dining out with others,a behavior therapist's goal should be to

Accepted Answer

The behavior therapist's goal should be to address the specific behavioral deficit, which in this case is the lack of proper table manners. By teaching the client proper table manners, the therapist can help the client feel more confident and reduce anxiety in social situations. Exposure treatment or relaxation skills may also be helpful, but teaching proper table manners would directly address the root issue. Referring the client to a different type of therapist is not necessary in this case.

Question 17

It has been hypothesized that systematic desensitization works as a result of

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization involves pairing relaxation techniques with gradually increasing exposure to the feared stimuli. This process involves all three processes - counterconditioning (pairing the feared stimulus with a new, positive response), habituation (the gradual decrease in response to the feared stimulus with repeated exposure), and extinction (the gradual decrease in the fear response due to lack of reinforcement). Therefore, choice D - all of the above - is the correct answer.

Question 18

Michael is a client with social phobia who is seeing a behavioral therapist.If the therapist uses exposure therapy,

Accepted Answer

Exposure therapy is a treatment approach supported by empirical evidence for the treatment of social phobia. It involves gradually exposing the client to anxiety-provoking situations until their anxiety subsides. The therapist may use other treatment interventions concurrently, but exposure therapy is the primary technique used to address the fear and avoidance associated with social phobia.

Question 19

In systematic desensitization,who constructs the hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

In systematic desensitization, the client and therapist work together to construct a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations or stimuli. This hierarchy is based on the client's individual fears and phobias, and is used to gradually expose the client to these situations in a safe and controlled manner. Both the client and therapist play an active role in creating the hierarchy, as it is important for the client to feel ownership and control over the process in order for it to be effective.

Question 20

Interoceptive cues

Accepted Answer

Interoceptive cues refer to internal physiological stimuli, such as rapid breathing and dizziness, which are often associated with anxiety and panic disorders. They are not specifically related to phobias coming "out of the blue."

Quiz 14: Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives