Question 1

Empathy

Accepted Answer

Empathy involves all of the above characteristics - the ability to identify with someone's experiences and feelings, perspective taking, and being affect- and feeling-based.

Question 2

Piliavin's bystander-calculus model combines

Accepted Answer

The answer of Piliavin's bystander-calculus model combines
...

Question 3

Rosenkoetter (1999)studied the effect of viewing situation comedies on children,finding that

Accepted Answer

According to the study by Rosenkoetter (1999), children who watched episodes of situation comedies with moral lessons later acted more prosocially.

Question 4

Latane and Darley's (1968)cognitive model of bystander intervention proposed that

Accepted Answer

Latane and Darley's cognitive model of bystander intervention proposes that a person's helping behaviour depends on a series of decisions. The model suggests that the decision to help is influenced by factors such as the perception of the situation, the sense of responsibility, and the evaluation of the consequences of helping versus not helping. While a person's values and ability to empathize with a victim may also influence their decision to help, these factors are not the central focus of the cognitive model. Additionally, the model suggests that other social influences such as the presence of bystanders may impact a person's decision-making process.

Question 5

According to Piliavin's bystander-calculus model,time and effort are

Accepted Answer

Piliavin's bystander-calculus model suggests that one factor influencing whether a bystander will help someone in need is the perceived cost of helping, which includes considerations of time and effort.

Question 6

Piliavin's model of the decision-making process used by people when deciding whether to help in an emergency situation is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

Piliavin's model of the decision-making process used by people when deciding whether to help in an emergency situation is referred to as the "bystander-calculus" model.

Question 7

Little Anna has watched her big brother Alan being praised for helping Mum carry the heavy shopping bags into the house.Anna is likely to help next time as a result of

Accepted Answer

Little Anna has observed and learned from her brother's positive experience, leading to a vicarious learning experience. She may be motivated to help next time based on seeing the positive consequences of her brother's actions. Sibling competition, her need for positive self-esteem, and mental maturing may also be factors, but they are not directly addressed in the scenario.

Question 8

The bystander-calculus model

Accepted Answer

The bystander-calculus model explains helping behavior based on cognitive and physiological processes. It takes into account factors such as the perceived costs and benefits of helping, the perceived competence of the victim, and the level of arousal of the bystander. It is not related to queuing or estimating tips.

Question 9

Barry is a macho type,and was not sympathetic when reading a police report about a young woman being hospitalised after a sexual assault at a gang party.'She would have had it coming to her',he thinks.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the just-world hypothesis, which refers to the belief that people get what they deserve and that the world is generally fair. In this case, Barry believes that the victim must have somehow caused or deserved the assault, which is a common manifestation of the just-world hypothesis.

Question 10

Studies with children have shown that displaying prosocial behaviour is linked to

Accepted Answer

Prosocial behavior is linked to socialization, which refers to the process by which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of their culture. This suggests that prosocial behavior is not limited to any specific culture or influenced solely by peer pressure, but rather stems from the socialization process that occurs across cultures.

Question 11

There is a relationship between increased helping and ________ and _______.

Accepted Answer

Increased helping behavior is associated with increased empathy, which involves feeling emotional resonance and concern for the victim, and perspective taking, which involves mentally putting oneself in the victim's shoes to understand their experience. Option B is partially correct as controlling one's emotions and checking for other bystanders can also increase helping behavior, but it is not the only factor. Option C is incorrect as distancing oneself from the victim would actually decrease the likelihood of helping, and cognitive processes alone are insufficient to explain why people would help.

Question 12

Contrary to conventional views,in their early approach Piliavin and colleagues (1975)based altruism on prosocial behaviour as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrary to conventional views,in their early approach...

Question 13

In the bystander-calculus model of helping someone thought to be in distress,a crucial stage is reached when

Accepted Answer

The bystander-calculus model involves several stages, including noticing the situation, interpreting it as an emergency, assuming responsibility, deciding how to help, and taking action. However, before taking action, the individual must evaluate the possible consequences of their actions, considering the potential risks and benefits for themselves and the victim. Therefore, choice A, evaluating the consequences of action, is a crucial stage in the bystander-calculus model of helping.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a step in the bystander-calculus model?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 15

Paula watches her older sister Jenny share her bag of jelly beans with their little brother,Ryan.The next week,Paula is given two biscuits for morning tea.She walks over to Ryan and offers to share one with him.Paula's behaviour is an example of

Accepted Answer

Paula's behavior is an example of modelling because she observed her sister sharing and then imitated that behavior by sharing with her brother.

Question 16

A person's motivation for helping after experiencing distress resulting from someone else's distress is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person's motivation for helping after experiencing...

Question 17

Physiological arousal,labelling the arousal and evaluating the consequences of acting before helping are aspects of

Accepted Answer

The bystander-calculus model involves a process where an individual goes through stages of physiological arousal, labelling the arousal, and evaluating the consequences of acting before deciding to help in an emergency situation. This model emphasizes the cognitive and emotional processes that influence a person's decision to help or not in a given situation.

Question 18

The fact that prosocial behaviour is prescribed,learned and expected makes it

Accepted Answer

Normative means conforming to a norm or standard. Prosocial behaviour being prescribed, learned, and expected means it is socially accepted and expected, making it normative.

Question 19

When the bystander-calculus model is applied to the Kitty Genovese murder,bystander apathy could be accounted for by

Accepted Answer

Bystander apathy in the Kitty Genovese murder could be accounted for by both considering the personal costs of helping, e.g., being killed, and failing to experience sufficient empathic concern. Studies have shown that both of these factors can contribute to bystander apathy in emergency situations. Additionally, in the case of Kitty Genovese, some witnesses may have also thought that the victim was 'asking for it' due to her reported heavy drinking and political views.

Question 20

In considering the role of empathy in accounting for helping others

Accepted Answer

Empathy in accounting for helping others is a complex phenomenon. It has a biosocial basis, which means that both biological and social factors play a role. Contextual factors, such as social norms, cultural values, and situational cues, also influence empathic responses and helping behavior. Arousal, or emotional reactivity, is another component that affects empathy and subsequent actions. Therefore, all of the options are correct.

Quiz 13: Prosocial Behaviour