Question 1

Which of the clients described below are at increased risk for back problems? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)Factors that increase the risk of herniated intervertebral discs include male gender, age (clients over 30 are at higher risk), obesity, history of smoking, and regularly engaging in heavy lifting. This means both the 62-year-old client and the 78-year-old client have multiple traits that put them at elevated risk of disc herniation. Risk factors for scoliosis include age of between 9 and 15 and history of cerebral palsy; thus, the 12-year-old client is at elevated risk for this condition. Neither playing golf nor running track causes a high risk of back problems.
B)Factors that increase the risk of herniated intervertebral discs include male gender, age (clients over 30 are at higher risk), obesity, history of smoking, and regularly engaging in heavy lifting. This means both the 62-year-old client and the 78-year-old client have multiple traits that put them at elevated risk of disc herniation. Risk factors for scoliosis include age of between 9 and 15 and history of cerebral palsy; thus, the 12-year-old client is at elevated risk for this condition. Neither playing golf nor running track causes a high risk of back problems.
C)Factors that increase the risk of herniated intervertebral discs include male gender, age (clients over 30 are at higher risk), obesity, history of smoking, and regularly engaging in heavy lifting. This means both the 62-year-old client and the 78-year-old client have multiple traits that put them at elevated risk of disc herniation. Risk factors for scoliosis include age of between 9 and 15 and history of cerebral palsy; thus, the 12-year-old client is at elevated risk for this condition. Neither playing golf nor running track causes a high risk of back problems.
D)Factors that increase the risk of herniated intervertebral discs include male gender, age (clients over 30 are at higher risk), obesity, history of smoking, and regularly engaging in heavy lifting. This means both the 62-year-old client and the 78-year-old client have multiple traits that put them at elevated risk of disc herniation. Risk factors for scoliosis include age of between 9 and 15 and history of cerebral palsy; thus, the 12-year-old client is at elevated risk for this condition. Neither playing golf nor running track causes a high risk of back problems.
E)Factors that increase the risk of herniated intervertebral discs include male gender, age (clients over 30 are at higher risk), obesity, history of smoking, and regularly engaging in heavy lifting. This means both the 62-year-old client and the 78-year-old client have multiple traits that put them at elevated risk of disc herniation. Risk factors for scoliosis include age of between 9 and 15 and history of cerebral palsy; thus, the 12-year-old client is at elevated risk for this condition. Neither playing golf nor running track causes a high risk of back problems.

Question 2

The cells that produce the matrix for bone formation are known as

Accepted Answer

A)Osteoblasts are the cells that produce the matrix for bone formation, whereas osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue. Sarcomeres are filaments made of actin or myosin that are found within muscle. Epiphyseal plates are areas of cartilage located between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a child's long bones.
B)Osteoblasts are the cells that produce the matrix for bone formation, whereas osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue. Sarcomeres are filaments made of actin or myosin that are found within muscle. Epiphyseal plates are areas of cartilage located between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a child's long bones.
C)Osteoblasts are the cells that produce the matrix for bone formation, whereas osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue. Sarcomeres are filaments made of actin or myosin that are found within muscle. Epiphyseal plates are areas of cartilage located between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a child's long bones.
D)Osteoblasts are the cells that produce the matrix for bone formation, whereas osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue. Sarcomeres are filaments made of actin or myosin that are found within muscle. Epiphyseal plates are areas of cartilage located between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a child's long bones.

Question 3

The nurse is caring for an adult client who sustained a right distal radial fracture and a left tibia fracture. Which mobility aid does the nurse anticipate being used for this client?

Accepted Answer

A)This client has fractures in both the leg and wrist. Platform crutches are used for clients who are unable to bear weight on their wrists. A walker, axillary crutches, and Lofstrand crutches all require use of the wrists.
B)This client has fractures in both the leg and wrist. Platform crutches are used for clients who are unable to bear weight on their wrists. A walker, axillary crutches, and Lofstrand crutches all require use of the wrists.
C)This client has fractures in both the leg and wrist. Platform crutches are used for clients who are unable to bear weight on their wrists. A walker, axillary crutches, and Lofstrand crutches all require use of the wrists.
D)This client has fractures in both the leg and wrist. Platform crutches are used for clients who are unable to bear weight on their wrists. A walker, axillary crutches, and Lofstrand crutches all require use of the wrists.

Question 4

A preadolescent client is recovering from spinal fusion surgery for scoliosis. Which nursing interventions should the nurse carry out to address comfort and mobility? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)Interventions that address movement restrictions and/or pain in a preadolescent client recovering from spinal fusion include repositioning every 2 hours, encouraging and assisting with ROM exercises every 4 hours while awake, and administering pain medication around the clock. All of these interventions relate to a diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility. The use of an incentive spirometer may be appropriate after surgery, but it would relate to a diagnosis of Impaired Tissue Perfusion and not a diagnosis involving pain or restricted movement. Monitoring intake and output would be applicable for a diagnosis of Fluid Volume Excess or Fluid Volume Deficit.
B)Interventions that address movement restrictions and/or pain in a preadolescent client recovering from spinal fusion include repositioning every 2 hours, encouraging and assisting with ROM exercises every 4 hours while awake, and administering pain medication around the clock. All of these interventions relate to a diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility. The use of an incentive spirometer may be appropriate after surgery, but it would relate to a diagnosis of Impaired Tissue Perfusion and not a diagnosis involving pain or restricted movement. Monitoring intake and output would be applicable for a diagnosis of Fluid Volume Excess or Fluid Volume Deficit.
C)Interventions that address movement restrictions and/or pain in a preadolescent client recovering from spinal fusion include repositioning every 2 hours, encouraging and assisting with ROM exercises every 4 hours while awake, and administering pain medication around the clock. All of these interventions relate to a diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility. The use of an incentive spirometer may be appropriate after surgery, but it would relate to a diagnosis of Impaired Tissue Perfusion and not a diagnosis involving pain or restricted movement. Monitoring intake and output would be applicable for a diagnosis of Fluid Volume Excess or Fluid Volume Deficit.
D)Interventions that address movement restrictions and/or pain in a preadolescent client recovering from spinal fusion include repositioning every 2 hours, encouraging and assisting with ROM exercises every 4 hours while awake, and administering pain medication around the clock. All of these interventions relate to a diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility. The use of an incentive spirometer may be appropriate after surgery, but it would relate to a diagnosis of Impaired Tissue Perfusion and not a diagnosis involving pain or restricted movement. Monitoring intake and output would be applicable for a diagnosis of Fluid Volume Excess or Fluid Volume Deficit.
E)Interventions that address movement restrictions and/or pain in a preadolescent client recovering from spinal fusion include repositioning every 2 hours, encouraging and assisting with ROM exercises every 4 hours while awake, and administering pain medication around the clock. All of these interventions relate to a diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility. The use of an incentive spirometer may be appropriate after surgery, but it would relate to a diagnosis of Impaired Tissue Perfusion and not a diagnosis involving pain or restricted movement. Monitoring intake and output would be applicable for a diagnosis of Fluid Volume Excess or Fluid Volume Deficit.

Question 5

The nurse is providing care to a client who returns to the medical-surgical unit after herniated disc surgery. The client's vitals are as follows: HR 100, RR 22, BP 130/86 mmHg, T 98.8°F, and pain rating of 7 on a scale of 0 to 10. Which nursing diagnosis is the highest priority for this client based on these assessment data?

Accepted Answer

A)The client is currently experiencing acute pain as evidenced by elevated vital signs and a pain rating of 7 on a 0-to-10 scale. Thus, the priority nursing diagnosis is Acute Pain. Impaired Physical Mobility and Activity Intolerance are appropriate diagnoses in light of the client's surgical procedure, but they are not the highest priority. The client was likely experiencing chronic pain prior to the surgery, and it probably contributed to the need for the procedure.
B)The client is currently experiencing acute pain as evidenced by elevated vital signs and a pain rating of 7 on a 0-to-10 scale. Thus, the priority nursing diagnosis is Acute Pain. Impaired Physical Mobility and Activity Intolerance are appropriate diagnoses in light of the client's surgical procedure, but they are not the highest priority. The client was likely experiencing chronic pain prior to the surgery, and it probably contributed to the need for the procedure.
C)The client is currently experiencing acute pain as evidenced by elevated vital signs and a pain rating of 7 on a 0-to-10 scale. Thus, the priority nursing diagnosis is Acute Pain. Impaired Physical Mobility and Activity Intolerance are appropriate diagnoses in light of the client's surgical procedure, but they are not the highest priority. The client was likely experiencing chronic pain prior to the surgery, and it probably contributed to the need for the procedure.
D)The client is currently experiencing acute pain as evidenced by elevated vital signs and a pain rating of 7 on a 0-to-10 scale. Thus, the priority nursing diagnosis is Acute Pain. Impaired Physical Mobility and Activity Intolerance are appropriate diagnoses in light of the client's surgical procedure, but they are not the highest priority. The client was likely experiencing chronic pain prior to the surgery, and it probably contributed to the need for the procedure.

Question 6

A client presents with an alteration in mobility. Which finding would suggest damage to the muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)Creatine kinase (CK)is used to detect muscle damage, muscle inflammation, rhabdomyolysis, polymyositis, and muscular dystrophy. Thus, increased CK levels are suggestive of increased muscle inflammation. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)levels are not linked to muscle inflammation but rather to osteoporosis, kidney disease, parathyroid gland tumors, lack of calcium, and vitamin D disorders.
B)Creatine kinase (CK)is used to detect muscle damage, muscle inflammation, rhabdomyolysis, polymyositis, and muscular dystrophy. Thus, increased CK levels are suggestive of increased muscle inflammation. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)levels are not linked to muscle inflammation but rather to osteoporosis, kidney disease, parathyroid gland tumors, lack of calcium, and vitamin D disorders.
C)Creatine kinase (CK)is used to detect muscle damage, muscle inflammation, rhabdomyolysis, polymyositis, and muscular dystrophy. Thus, increased CK levels are suggestive of increased muscle inflammation. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)levels are not linked to muscle inflammation but rather to osteoporosis, kidney disease, parathyroid gland tumors, lack of calcium, and vitamin D disorders.
D)Creatine kinase (CK)is used to detect muscle damage, muscle inflammation, rhabdomyolysis, polymyositis, and muscular dystrophy. Thus, increased CK levels are suggestive of increased muscle inflammation. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)levels are not linked to muscle inflammation but rather to osteoporosis, kidney disease, parathyroid gland tumors, lack of calcium, and vitamin D disorders.

Question 7

Within the human body, which type of connective tissue connects bones to other bones to form a joint?

Accepted Answer

A)Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage are all connective tissues. Ligaments connect bones to other bones to form a joint. Tendons connect bones to muscles and carry the contractile forces from the muscle to the bone to cause movement. Cartilage is a type of flexible connective tissue found in many locations throughout the body. Myelin is not a type of connective tissue but rather a fatty substance that insulates neuronal axons and promotes faster signal transmission.
B)Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage are all connective tissues. Ligaments connect bones to other bones to form a joint. Tendons connect bones to muscles and carry the contractile forces from the muscle to the bone to cause movement. Cartilage is a type of flexible connective tissue found in many locations throughout the body. Myelin is not a type of connective tissue but rather a fatty substance that insulates neuronal axons and promotes faster signal transmission.
C)Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage are all connective tissues. Ligaments connect bones to other bones to form a joint. Tendons connect bones to muscles and carry the contractile forces from the muscle to the bone to cause movement. Cartilage is a type of flexible connective tissue found in many locations throughout the body. Myelin is not a type of connective tissue but rather a fatty substance that insulates neuronal axons and promotes faster signal transmission.
D)Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage are all connective tissues. Ligaments connect bones to other bones to form a joint. Tendons connect bones to muscles and carry the contractile forces from the muscle to the bone to cause movement. Cartilage is a type of flexible connective tissue found in many locations throughout the body. Myelin is not a type of connective tissue but rather a fatty substance that insulates neuronal axons and promotes faster signal transmission.

Question 8

The nurse is providing care for several clients. For which client should the nurse anticipate an order for administering 1000 mg of aspirin?

Accepted Answer

A)Aspirin is appropriate for the client with rheumatoid arthritis who is experiencing hand pain, assuming there are no other contraindications. This medication is not appropriate for the other clients, however. Aspirin therapy is not recommended for children because it is associated with an increased risk of Reye syndrome, and it may contribute to bleeding in adult clients who have sustained physical injury.
B)Aspirin is appropriate for the client with rheumatoid arthritis who is experiencing hand pain, assuming there are no other contraindications. This medication is not appropriate for the other clients, however. Aspirin therapy is not recommended for children because it is associated with an increased risk of Reye syndrome, and it may contribute to bleeding in adult clients who have sustained physical injury.
C)Aspirin is appropriate for the client with rheumatoid arthritis who is experiencing hand pain, assuming there are no other contraindications. This medication is not appropriate for the other clients, however. Aspirin therapy is not recommended for children because it is associated with an increased risk of Reye syndrome, and it may contribute to bleeding in adult clients who have sustained physical injury.
D)Aspirin is appropriate for the client with rheumatoid arthritis who is experiencing hand pain, assuming there are no other contraindications. This medication is not appropriate for the other clients, however. Aspirin therapy is not recommended for children because it is associated with an increased risk of Reye syndrome, and it may contribute to bleeding in adult clients who have sustained physical injury.

Question 9

Which score would a nurse select from the muscle function grading scale if the client has full strength and range of motion in a given joint?

Accepted Answer

A)The muscle function grading scale ranges from 0 to 5. A score of 0 indicates paralysis, meaning that the client cannot contract the muscles associated with a given joint. In contrast, a score of 5 indicates that the client can move a joint through the full range of motion under full resistance.
B)The muscle function grading scale ranges from 0 to 5. A score of 0 indicates paralysis, meaning that the client cannot contract the muscles associated with a given joint. In contrast, a score of 5 indicates that the client can move a joint through the full range of motion under full resistance.
C)The muscle function grading scale ranges from 0 to 5. A score of 0 indicates paralysis, meaning that the client cannot contract the muscles associated with a given joint. In contrast, a score of 5 indicates that the client can move a joint through the full range of motion under full resistance.
D)The muscle function grading scale ranges from 0 to 5. A score of 0 indicates paralysis, meaning that the client cannot contract the muscles associated with a given joint. In contrast, a score of 5 indicates that the client can move a joint through the full range of motion under full resistance.

Question 10

The nurse is planning care for a client who is experiencing an alteration in mobility. Which would the nurse include as an independent nursing intervention?

Accepted Answer

A)An appropriate independent nursing intervention for a client who is experiencing an alteration in mobility is providing instruction on the importance of proper nutrition and an active lifestyle. Administering a prescribed NSAID is an example of a collaborative intervention that the nurse can implement. Identifying necessary modifications for the home environment is a collaborative intervention often implemented by the occupational therapist. Although it is appropriate for the nurse to administer a skeletal muscle relaxant, it is outside the scope of nursing practice to prescribe this medication.
B)An appropriate independent nursing intervention for a client who is experiencing an alteration in mobility is providing instruction on the importance of proper nutrition and an active lifestyle. Administering a prescribed NSAID is an example of a collaborative intervention that the nurse can implement. Identifying necessary modifications for the home environment is a collaborative intervention often implemented by the occupational therapist. Although it is appropriate for the nurse to administer a skeletal muscle relaxant, it is outside the scope of nursing practice to prescribe this medication.
C)An appropriate independent nursing intervention for a client who is experiencing an alteration in mobility is providing instruction on the importance of proper nutrition and an active lifestyle. Administering a prescribed NSAID is an example of a collaborative intervention that the nurse can implement. Identifying necessary modifications for the home environment is a collaborative intervention often implemented by the occupational therapist. Although it is appropriate for the nurse to administer a skeletal muscle relaxant, it is outside the scope of nursing practice to prescribe this medication.
D)An appropriate independent nursing intervention for a client who is experiencing an alteration in mobility is providing instruction on the importance of proper nutrition and an active lifestyle. Administering a prescribed NSAID is an example of a collaborative intervention that the nurse can implement. Identifying necessary modifications for the home environment is a collaborative intervention often implemented by the occupational therapist. Although it is appropriate for the nurse to administer a skeletal muscle relaxant, it is outside the scope of nursing practice to prescribe this medication.

Question 11

The nurse is providing care for a client who is experiencing subjective symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Which test should the nurse anticipate being performed by a provider during the physical assessment of this client?

Accepted Answer

A)Phalen test is a special assessment to determine whether the client is experiencing carpal tunnel syndrome. With this test, the wrists are held in acute flexion for 60 seconds. Numbness, tingling, or pain may indicate carpal tunnel syndrome. All of the other tests listed here are used to assess the knee.
B)Phalen test is a special assessment to determine whether the client is experiencing carpal tunnel syndrome. With this test, the wrists are held in acute flexion for 60 seconds. Numbness, tingling, or pain may indicate carpal tunnel syndrome. All of the other tests listed here are used to assess the knee.
C)Phalen test is a special assessment to determine whether the client is experiencing carpal tunnel syndrome. With this test, the wrists are held in acute flexion for 60 seconds. Numbness, tingling, or pain may indicate carpal tunnel syndrome. All of the other tests listed here are used to assess the knee.
D)Phalen test is a special assessment to determine whether the client is experiencing carpal tunnel syndrome. With this test, the wrists are held in acute flexion for 60 seconds. Numbness, tingling, or pain may indicate carpal tunnel syndrome. All of the other tests listed here are used to assess the knee.

Question 12

The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing limited mobility related to a musculoskeletal alteration. Which laboratory tests would be useful to diagnose the client appropriately? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)ALP, HLA-B27, and RF are all laboratory tests that are used to diagnose clients with musculoskeletal disorders that can cause alterations in mobility. ALP is produced by bone and other organs. Increased ALP may indicate bone disease, bone fracture, bone tumors, osteomalacia, Paget disease, or rickets. Decreased ALP may indicate Wilson disease. The presence of HLA-B27 indicates an increased risk for ankylosing spondylitis and arthritis. Elevated levels of RF may indicate rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, and adult Still disease. MRI and EMG are both diagnostic, not laboratory, tests use to diagnose the cause of alterations in mobility.
B)ALP, HLA-B27, and RF are all laboratory tests that are used to diagnose clients with The musculoskeletal disorders that can cause alterations in mobility. ALP is produced by bone and other organs. Increased ALP may indicate bone disease, bone fracture, bone tumors, osteomalacia, Paget disease, or rickets. Decreased ALP may indicate Wilson disease. The presence of HLA-B27 indicates an increased risk for ankylosing spondylitis and arthritis. Elevated levels of RF may indicate rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, and adult Still disease. MRI and EMG are both diagnostic, not laboratory, tests use to diagnose the cause of alterations in mobility.
C)ALP, HLA-B27, and RF are all laboratory tests that are used to diagnose clients with musculoskeletal disorders that can cause alterations in mobility. ALP is produced by bone and other organs. Increased ALP may indicate bone disease, bone fracture, bone tumors, osteomalacia, Paget disease, or rickets. Decreased ALP may indicate Wilson disease. The presence of HLA-B27 indicates an increased risk for ankylosing spondylitis and arthritis. Elevated levels of RF may indicate rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, and adult Still disease. MRI and EMG are both diagnostic, not laboratory, tests use to diagnose the cause of alterations in mobility.
D)ALP, HLA-B27, and RF are all laboratory tests that are used to diagnose clients with musculoskeletal disorders that can cause alterations in mobility. ALP is produced by bone and other organs. Increased ALP may indicate bone disease, bone fracture, bone tumors, osteomalacia, Paget disease, or rickets. Decreased ALP may indicate Wilson disease. The presence of HLA-B27 indicates an increased risk for ankylosing spondylitis and arthritis. Elevated levels of RF may indicate rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, and adult Still disease. MRI and EMG are both diagnostic, not laboratory, tests use to diagnose the cause of alterations in mobility.
E)ALP, HLA-B27, and RF are all laboratory tests that are used to diagnose clients with musculoskeletal disorders that can cause alterations in mobility. ALP is produced by bone and other organs. Increased ALP may indicate bone disease, bone fracture, bone tumors, osteomalacia, Paget disease, or rickets. Decreased ALP may indicate Wilson disease. The presence of HLA-B27 indicates an increased risk for ankylosing spondylitis and arthritis. Elevated levels of RF may indicate rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, and adult Still disease. MRI and EMG are both diagnostic, not laboratory, tests use to diagnose the cause of alterations in mobility.

Question 13

The nurse is planning care for a client with acute back pain who is a single mother of two small children and works part-time as a receptionist. Based on this information, which nursing intervention is the highest priority?

Accepted Answer

A)The client is at risk for Ineffective Health Management, given that she has two small children who need care and a part-time job that is sedentary. To help the client better manage her health, the nurse should provide instruction on appropriate body mechanics for lifting and ways to modify her work environment. The client may or may not be prescribed NSAIDs. Suggesting that the client take time off from work or have extended family members care for her children may or may not be appropriate and should not be included in the plan of care.
B)The client is at risk for Ineffective Health Management, given that she has two small children who need care and a part-time job that is sedentary. To help the client better manage her health, the nurse should provide instruction on appropriate body mechanics for lifting and ways to modify her work environment. The client may or may not be prescribed NSAIDs. Suggesting that the client take time off from work or have extended family members care for her children may or may not be appropriate and should not be included in the plan of care.
C)The client is at risk for Ineffective Health Management, given that she has two small children who need care and a part-time job that is sedentary. To help the client better manage her health, the nurse should provide instruction on appropriate body mechanics for lifting and ways to modify her work environment. The client may or may not be prescribed NSAIDs. Suggesting that the client take time off from work or have extended family members care for her children may or may not be appropriate and should not be included in the plan of care.
D)The client is at risk for Ineffective Health Management, given that she has two small children who need care and a part-time job that is sedentary. To help the client better manage her health, the nurse should provide instruction on appropriate body mechanics for lifting and ways to modify her work environment. The client may or may not be prescribed NSAIDs. Suggesting that the client take time off from work or have extended family members care for her children may or may not be appropriate and should not be included in the plan of care.

Question 14

The nurse is conducting a gait and posture assessment for a client who is experiencing mobility issues. Which action by the nurse is appropriate during this assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)When assessing a client's gait and posture, the nurse should be sure to inspect the client's spine for curvature. Assessing muscle mass and strength, measuring the length and circumference of the extremities, and palpating for tenderness and pain are part of the physical assessment performed by the nurse for clients who are experiencing mobility issues.
B)When assessing a client's gait and posture, the nurse should be sure to inspect the client's spine for curvature. Assessing muscle mass and strength, measuring the length and circumference of the extremities, and palpating for tenderness and pain are part of the physical assessment performed by the nurse for clients who are experiencing mobility issues.
C)When assessing a client's gait and posture, the nurse should be sure to inspect the client's spine for curvature. Assessing muscle mass and strength, measuring the length and circumference of the extremities, and palpating for tenderness and pain are part of the physical assessment performed by the nurse for clients who are experiencing mobility issues.
D)When assessing a client's gait and posture, the nurse should be sure to inspect the client's spine for curvature. Assessing muscle mass and strength, measuring the length and circumference of the extremities, and palpating for tenderness and pain are part of the physical assessment performed by the nurse for clients who are experiencing mobility issues.

Question 15

A preadolescent client who fell from a balance beam in physical education class injured her ankle. Given this information, which action by the nurse is appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)An appropriate intervention for a client who experiences an ankle injury is placing ice on the ankle to limit swelling. If physical therapy is needed, the referral would be given after the ankle has had time to heal. A corticosteroid injection would be more appropriate for a client with osteoarthritis, not an acute ankle injury. Ordering an x-ray of the ankle is outside the nurse's scope of practice.
B)An appropriate intervention for a client who experiences an ankle injury is placing ice on the ankle to limit swelling. If physical therapy is needed, the referral would be given after the ankle has had time to heal. A corticosteroid injection would be more appropriate for a client with osteoarthritis, not an acute ankle injury. Ordering an x-ray of the ankle is outside the nurse's scope of practice.
C)An appropriate intervention for a client who experiences an ankle injury is placing ice on the ankle to limit swelling. If physical therapy is needed, the referral would be given after the ankle has had time to heal. A corticosteroid injection would be more appropriate for a client with osteoarthritis, not an acute ankle injury. Ordering an x-ray of the ankle is outside the nurse's scope of practice.
D)An appropriate intervention for a client who experiences an ankle injury is placing ice on the ankle to limit swelling. If physical therapy is needed, the referral would be given after the ankle has had time to heal. A corticosteroid injection would be more appropriate for a client with osteoarthritis, not an acute ankle injury. Ordering an x-ray of the ankle is outside the nurse's scope of practice.

Question 16

The nurse is caring for a client who is 28 weeks pregnant. The client says she has recently begun to experience frequent lower back pain and asks the nurse what can be done to control this pain. What is the nurse's best response?

Accepted Answer

A)Back pain is common during pregnancy due to strain on the back from the growing uterus and fetus; abdominal weakness from stretched abdominal muscles; and hormonal changes that loosen the ligaments in the joints of the pelvis. Kidney infection is not a leading cause of back pain in pregnant women. Pregnancy-related back pain is usually managed conservatively. Postural changes or other adaptations can help increase mobility and decrease discomfort. The recommended pain medication is acetaminophen, because NSAIDs are contraindicated during pregnancy. Although diagnostic imaging may be useful, x-rays should be avoided because they deliver ionizing radiation to the fetus.
B)Back pain is common during pregnancy due to strain on the back from the growing uterus and fetus; abdominal weakness from stretched abdominal muscles; and hormonal changes that loosen the ligaments in the joints of the pelvis. Kidney infection is not a leading cause of back pain in pregnant women. Pregnancy-related back pain is usually managed conservatively. Postural changes or other adaptations can help increase mobility and decrease discomfort. The recommended pain medication is acetaminophen, because NSAIDs are contraindicated during pregnancy. Although diagnostic imaging may be useful, x-rays should be avoided because they deliver ionizing radiation to the fetus.
C)Back pain is common during pregnancy due to strain on the back from the growing uterus and fetus; abdominal weakness from stretched abdominal muscles; and hormonal changes that loosen the ligaments in the joints of the pelvis. Kidney infection is not a leading cause of back pain in pregnant women. Pregnancy-related back pain is usually managed conservatively. Postural changes or other adaptations can help increase mobility and decrease discomfort. The recommended pain medication is acetaminophen, because NSAIDs are contraindicated during pregnancy. Although diagnostic imaging may be useful, x-rays should be avoided because they deliver ionizing radiation to the fetus.
D)Back pain is common during pregnancy due to strain on the back from the growing uterus and fetus; abdominal weakness from stretched abdominal muscles; and hormonal changes that loosen the ligaments in the joints of the pelvis. Kidney infection is not a leading cause of back pain in pregnant women. Pregnancy-related back pain is usually managed conservatively. Postural changes or other adaptations can help increase mobility and decrease discomfort. The recommended pain medication is acetaminophen, because NSAIDs are contraindicated during pregnancy. Although diagnostic imaging may be useful, x-rays should be avoided because they deliver ionizing radiation to the fetus.

Question 17

The nurse is caring for a preadolescent male client who is accompanied by his mother. Which statement by the mother would be consistent with the client experiencing growing pains?

Accepted Answer

A)Long bones of children contain an epiphyseal plate that serves as a location for bone growth. Rapid bone growth in these long bones may produce growing pains as the lengthening bones pull on the muscles. Because this only occurs in the long bones, growing pains are most likely to be felt in the arms and legs. Growing pains would not cause joint pain or lower back pain. Growing pains are also not associated specifically with fractured bones.
B)Long bones of children contain an epiphyseal plate that serves as a location for bone growth. Rapid bone growth in these long bones may produce growing pains as the lengthening bones pull on the muscles. Because this only occurs in the long bones, growing pains are most likely to be felt in the arms and legs. Growing pains would not cause joint pain or lower back pain. Growing pains are also not associated specifically with fractured bones.
C)Long bones of children contain an epiphyseal plate that serves as a location for bone growth. Rapid bone growth in these long bones may produce growing pains as the lengthening bones pull on the muscles. Because this only occurs in the long bones, growing pains are most likely to be felt in the arms and legs. Growing pains would not cause joint pain or lower back pain. Growing pains are also not associated specifically with fractured bones.
D)Long bones of children contain an epiphyseal plate that serves as a location for bone growth. Rapid bone growth in these long bones may produce growing pains as the lengthening bones pull on the muscles. Because this only occurs in the long bones, growing pains are most likely to be felt in the arms and legs. Growing pains would not cause joint pain or lower back pain. Growing pains are also not associated specifically with fractured bones.

Question 18

The nurse is planning care for a client who is 1 day postoperative after spinal fusion surgery. Which of the following is an appropriate outcome for this client?

Accepted Answer

A)An appropriate outcome for this client is the use of an incentive spirometer every 2 hours. The client is not expected to remain in a prone position, urine output should be at least 30 mL per hour, and the client should void within 8 hours of surgery.
B)An appropriate outcome for this client is the use of an incentive spirometer every 2 hours. The client is not expected to remain in a prone position, urine output should be at least 30 mL per hour, and the client should void within 8 hours of surgery.
C)An appropriate outcome for this client is the use of an incentive spirometer every 2 hours. The client is not expected to remain in a prone position, urine output should be at least 30 mL per hour, and the client should void within 8 hours of surgery.
D)An appropriate outcome for this client is the use of an incentive spirometer every 2 hours. The client is not expected to remain in a prone position, urine output should be at least 30 mL per hour, and the client should void within 8 hours of surgery.

Question 19

The nurse is providing care to a client who is experiencing back pain. Which of the following items in the client's history is a known risk factor for disc herniation?

Accepted Answer

A)The client's age is a known risk factor; herniated discs are most common between the ages of 30 and 50, because discs naturally degenerate with age. Other risk factors include male gender, tall height, and excess weight (which is extremely uncommon in clients with anorexia).
B)The client's age is a known risk factor; herniated discs are most common between the ages of 30 and 50, because discs naturally degenerate with age. Other risk factors include male gender, tall height, and excess weight (which is extremely uncommon in clients with anorexia).
C)The client's age is a known risk factor; herniated discs are most common between the ages of 30 and 50, because discs naturally degenerate with age. Other risk factors include male gender, tall height, and excess weight (which is extremely uncommon in clients with anorexia).
D)The client's age is a known risk factor; herniated discs are most common between the ages of 30 and 50, because discs naturally degenerate with age. Other risk factors include male gender, tall height, and excess weight (which is extremely uncommon in clients with anorexia).

Question 20

An adult client is diagnosed with a degenerative bone disease that is impairing mobility. Based on this information alone, which of the following actions should be the nurse's first priority?

Accepted Answer

A)When caring for a client with a degenerative bone disease that is impairing mobility, the nurse should assess pain management prior to implementing an exercise program, teaching relaxation exercises, or referring to a dietitian.
B)When caring for a client with a degenerative bone disease that is impairing mobility, the nurse should assess pain management prior to implementing an exercise program, teaching relaxation exercises, or referring to a dietitian.
C)When caring for a client with a degenerative bone disease that is impairing mobility, the nurse should assess pain management prior to implementing an exercise program, teaching relaxation exercises, or referring to a dietitian.
D)When caring for a client with a degenerative bone disease that is impairing mobility, the nurse should assess pain management prior to implementing an exercise program, teaching relaxation exercises, or referring to a dietitian.

Quiz 13: Mobility