Question 1

Which bargaining strategy requires that both management and union negotiators adopt a genuine interest in the joint exploration of creative solutions to common problems?

Accepted Answer

Integrative bargaining is a collaborative approach where both parties work together to identify common interests and find solutions that benefit both sides. It requires genuine interest and a willingness to explore creative solutions, rather than just seeking to win concessions or reach a compromise through distributive bargaining or making concessions through concessionary bargaining. Arbitrative bargaining involves a third party making decisions for the parties, while conciliatory bargaining involves a mediator facilitating negotiations.

Question 2

According to the textbook,a closed shop provision is a common type of security clause in the construction industry.

Accepted Answer

A closed shop provision requires that contractors only hire union workers, which is common in the construction industry.

Question 3

What is the memorandum of settlement?

Accepted Answer

The memorandum of settlement is a document that outlines the terms and conditions that have been agreed to by both parties during collective bargaining negotiations. It summarizes the key points of the collective agreement and serves as a reference for both parties moving forward.

Question 4

All Canadian jurisdictions permit the inclusion of a ________ clause in the collective agreement in order to protect the interests of the labour union by specifying aspects,such as membership requirements and the payment of union dues.

Accepted Answer

A union security clause in a collective agreement ensures that all employees in the bargaining unit either join the union or pay union dues as a condition of employment. This protects the interests of the labour union by ensuring that all employees who benefit from union representation contribute to its funding.

Question 5

The actual settlement range in contract negotiations generally lies in the bargaining zone,between the resistance points of each side.

Accepted Answer

The bargaining zone is the area between each side's resistance points, where a settlement can be reached through negotiation. Therefore, the actual settlement range does generally lie within the bargaining zone.

Question 6

Which type of union arrangement does not require union membership but does require that all members of the bargaining unit pay union dues?

Accepted Answer

The Rand formula refers to a type of union security arrangement where employees in a bargaining unit do not have to join the union, but all members must pay union dues. This approach ensures that all employees contribute to the cost of union representation without requiring formal membership.

Question 7

Shivangi was unable to negotiate the desired increase in wages for the bargaining unit members of the union but she was able to negotiate improved working conditions and benefits as well as flexible working hours.Shivangi feels that the bargaining unit members will be satisfied with the agreement and the union calls for a secret-ballot vote to formally approve the negotiated agreement; what is this formal approval called?

Accepted Answer

The formal approval called for a secret-ballot vote to approve the negotiated agreement is called ratification.

Question 8

What is the type of union arrangement that specifies that although individuals do not have to be union members at the time that they are hired,they are required to join the union on the day that they commence work or on completion of probation?

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of a union shop, where union membership is not required at the time of hiring but becomes mandatory after a probationary period or on the first day of work.

Question 9

Which bargaining approach is often used when there is a history of distrust and adversarial relations?

Accepted Answer

Distributive bargaining is often used in situations where there is a history of distrust and adversarial relations because it involves a zero-sum game where one party's gain is another party's loss, reflecting the competitive nature of the relationship.

Question 10

Which of the following is a neutral third party whose primary purpose is to bring the parties together and keep them talking without providing direct input on the negotiation process?

Accepted Answer

Conciliation is a process where a neutral third party helps to resolve a dispute by bringing the parties together and encouraging them to come to an agreement, without directly providing input on the content of the negotiation. Unlike mediators, conciliators typically have a more passive role in guiding the negotiation process.

Question 11

According to the textbook,wage rates and vacation entitlements are more likely to be fixed-sum issues that are typically handled by a(n)________ approach.

Accepted Answer

Wage rates and vacation entitlements are typically seen as distributive issues, meaning they involve a fixed-sum negotiation where both parties are trying to maximize their share of a limited resource. In distributive bargaining, it is common for each side to make concessions until a compromise is reached. Therefore, the best choice would be letter D, "distributive."

Question 12

Integrative bargaining is an approach that assumes that a win-win solution will always be the outcome of contract negotiations.

Accepted Answer

Integrative bargaining is an approach that aims to find a mutually beneficial solution for both parties involved in a negotiation. However, it does not assume that a win-win outcome is always possible, as there may be circumstances where both parties' interests are fundamentally opposed. In such cases, distributive bargaining may be a more appropriate approach.

Question 13

The objective of ________ bargaining is to establish a creative negotiating relationship that benefits labour and management.

Accepted Answer

Integrative bargaining focuses on creating a win-win situation for both labour and management through collaboration and finding common interests. The other options - productivity, conciliatory, distributive, and concessionary bargaining - do not necessarily prioritize establishing a beneficial relationship between the two parties.

Question 14

Which type of bargaining is characterized by three distinct components: the initial point,the target point,and the resistance point?

Accepted Answer

The three distinct components of initial point, target point, and resistance point are characteristic of distributive bargaining, which involves the distribution of a fixed amount of resources among parties with conflicting interests. In this type of bargaining, each party tries to maximize its share of the resources, and the three points represent the range of acceptable outcomes for each party. The initial point is the starting point for negotiations, the target point is the best outcome each party hopes to achieve, and the resistance point is the point beyond which the party is willing to walk away from the negotiations.

Question 15

Which of the following involves key union and management negotiators being trained in the fundamentals of effective problem solving and conflict resolution?

Accepted Answer

Mutual gains bargaining involves key union and management negotiators being trained in effective problem solving and conflict resolution techniques to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. The other options do not specifically involve this type of training.

Question 16

It is illegal to call a strike during the term of an existing collective agreement.

Accepted Answer

It is illegal to call a strike during the term of an existing collective agreement as it is a violation of the duty to bargain in good faith and maintain the status quo during the term of the agreement. Instead, the parties must use the dispute resolution mechanisms outlined in the agreement to resolve any issues.

Question 17

Unionized employees at a company learn that management is eliminating bonuses and spontaneously go on strike without waiting for union leaders to address this situation; what is this type of strike called?

Accepted Answer

This is a wildcat strike, which is when employees go on strike without the approval or direction from their union leadership.

Question 18

Which of the following refers to the process involved in the settlement of a rights dispute?

Accepted Answer

Rights arbitration refers to the process in which an arbitrator issues a legally-binding decision on a dispute over interpretation or application of a collective bargaining agreement. It is the process involved in settling a rights dispute, as opposed to an interest dispute.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most restrictive form of union security whereby only union members in good standing may be hired by the employer?

Accepted Answer

A closed shop is the most restrictive form of union security, as it requires all employees hired by the employer to be members of the union in good standing. This means that non-union workers are not allowed to work for the employer, even if they are qualified for the job.

Question 20

Which of the following terms is used to describe the bargaining strategy often typified as "win-lose"?

Accepted Answer

Distributive bargaining is often typified as "win-lose" because it involves a limited amount of resources, and the goal is for one party to gain the most while the other party loses. In distributive bargaining, each side takes a competitive stance and tries to negotiate the best deal for themselves, rather than focusing on finding a mutually beneficial solution.

Quiz 16: Labour Relations