Question 1

Match the terms, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics.
-increase in blood flow to a tissue that occurs after removal of an occlusion of its blood supply

Accepted Answer

Reactive hyperaemia is an increase in blood flow to a tissue that occurs after removal of an occlusion of its blood supply.

Answer: B
 Active hyperaemia is an increase in blood flow to a tissue that occurs due to increased metabolic demand.

Answer: C
 Pressure autoregulation is the ability of a tissue to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in blood pressure.

Answer: D
 Extrinsic control refers to factors outside of a tissue that regulate its blood supply, such as hormones or the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 2

Match the effects, labelled a. through e., that the changes in question would have on bulk flow. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-rise in capillary blood pressure in connection with congestive heart failure

Accepted Answer

A rise in capillary blood pressure in connection with congestive heart failure would increase ultrafiltration and decrease reabsorption. This is because the increased pressure would force more fluid out of the capillaries and into the surrounding tissues, leading to edema and swelling. The increased ultrafiltration would also lead to a decrease in the concentration of proteins in the blood, exacerbating the edema by reducing oncotic pressure and promoting fluid retention.

Question 3

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the change(s). (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-increasing the number of circulating red blood cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the effects, labelled a. through c.,...

Question 4

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the change(s). (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-increasing the radius of a vessel

Accepted Answer

When the radius of a vessel increases, there is more space for blood to flow through, which means there is less resistance to blood flow. According to Poiseuille's law, blood flow is directly proportional to vessel radius, so increasing the radius would increase blood flow.

Answer: B 
 When the radius of a vessel decreases, there is less space for blood to flow through, which means there is more resistance to blood flow. According to Poiseuille's law, blood flow is inversely proportional to vessel radius to the fourth power, so decreasing the radius would decrease blood flow.

Answer: C 
 The radius of a vessel is a major determinant of blood flow, so changing it will always have an effect on blood flow. There is no scenario in which changing the radius of a vessel would have no effect on blood flow.

Question 5

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the change(s). (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-increasing the pressure gradient in a vessel

Accepted Answer

Increasing the pressure gradient in a vessel would increase the force that pushes blood through the vessel, resulting in an increase in blood flow.

Question 6

Match the types of vessel, labelled a. through e., with the function(s) they perform. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-vessels that pick up fluid that is filtered but not reabsorbed

Accepted Answer

Lymphatics pick up the fluid that is filtered but not reabsorbed by capillaries in the lymphatic system.

Question 7

For blood pressure recorded as 118/76 mmHg, match the correct values, labelled a. through e., with the pressures in question.
-What is the mean arterial pressure

Accepted Answer

The mean arterial pressure (MAP) can be calculated using the following formula:

MAP = diastolic pressure + 1/3(systolic pressure - diastolic pressure)

Substituting the values from the blood pressure given, we get:

MAP = 76 + 1/3(118-76) = 90

Therefore, the correct choice is E, with an explanation that it is calculated using the formula diastolic pressure + 1/3(systolic pressure - diastolic pressure).

Question 8

For blood pressure recorded as 118/76 mmHg, match the correct values, labelled a. through e., with the pressures in question.
-What is the diastolic pressure

Accepted Answer

The second number in a blood pressure reading (in this case, 76 mmHg) represents the diastolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. None of the other options are correct for diastolic pressure.

Question 9

For blood pressure recorded as 118/76 mmHg, match the correct values, labelled a. through e., with the pressures in question.
-What is the pulse pressure

Accepted Answer

Pulse pressure is calculated by subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure. In this case, the pulse pressure is 118 mmHg - 76 mmHg = 42 mmHg. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Question 10

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the change(s). (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-increasing the length of a vessel

Accepted Answer

Increasing the length of a vessel increases its resistance to blood flow, according to Poiseuille's law. Higher resistance decreases blood flow.

Question 11

Match the types of vessel, labelled a. through e., with the function(s) they perform. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-portion of the circulatory system through which the velocity of blood flow is the slowest

Accepted Answer

Capillaries are the vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs between the blood and tissues, and their narrow diameter means that blood flow velocity is slowest in this portion of the circulatory system.

Question 12

Match the types of vessel, labelled a. through e., with the function(s) they perform. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-act as a pressure reservoir to drive blood forward throughout the vasculature during cardiac diastole

Accepted Answer

Arteries act as a pressure reservoir to drive blood forward during cardiac diastole due to their elastic walls, which store energy when stretched during systole and release it during diastole.

Question 13

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the change(s). (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-increasing the resistance of a vessel

Accepted Answer

Increasing the resistance of a vessel would result in decreased blood flow due to the hindrance of blood flow created by the increased resistance.

Question 14

Match the terms, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics.
-local arteriolar mechanisms that are aimed at keeping tissue blood flow fairly constant in spite of rather wide deviations in mean arterial driving pressure

Accepted Answer

Pressure autoregulation is the local arteriolar mechanism that keeps tissue blood flow constant despite changes in mean arterial pressure.

Answer: D 
 Extrinsic control refers to the regulation of blood flow by external factors such as hormones or the nervous system, as opposed to local mechanisms like pressure autoregulation.

Answer: A 
 Reactive hyperemia refers to the increase in blood flow that occurs after a period of reduced blood flow, such as when a tourniquet is removed. This is not a mechanism that keeps blood flow constant.

Answer: B 
 Active hyperemia refers to the increase in blood flow that occurs in response to an increase in metabolic activity in a tissue. While this can help to regulate blood flow, it is not a mechanism that keeps blood flow constant.

Question 15

Match the terms, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics.
-arteriolar dilation that occurs within a tissue in response to local chemical changes that accompany increased metabolic activity of the tissue

Accepted Answer

Active hyperemia is the arteriolar dilation that occurs within a tissue in response to local chemical changes that accompany increased metabolic activity of the tissue.

Answer: A
 Reactive hyperemia is the transient increase in blood flow that occurs following a period of decreased blood flow, such as during temporary occlusion of an artery.

Answer: C
 Pressure autoregulation is the ability of arterioles to maintain a relatively constant blood flow in the face of changes in perfusion pressure.

Answer: D
 Extrinsic control refers to the regulation of blood flow by neural and hormonal influences from outside of the local tissue.

Question 16

Match the types of vessel, labelled a. through e., with the function(s) they perform. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-changes in the radius of this vessel type regulate the distribution of the cardiac output to various areas of the body

Accepted Answer

Arterioles are the vessels responsible for regulating the distribution of the cardiac output to various areas of the body through changes in radius. Arteries are larger vessels that carry blood away from the heart and veins bring blood back to the heart. Capillaries are the smallest vessels where the exchange of gases and nutrients occurs between the blood and tissues. Lymphatics are vessels that transport lymph fluid and immune cells. Therefore, B is the best choice for this function.

Question 17

Match the terms, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics.
-important in maintaining an adequate pressure head to drive blood forward to the tissues

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic control is important in maintaining an adequate pressure head to drive blood forward to the tissues, as it involves systemic mechanisms like neural and hormonal influences that regulate blood pressure and flow.

Question 18

Match the effects, labelled a. through e., that the changes in question would have on bulk flow. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-loss of plasma protein into the urine due to kidney disease

Accepted Answer

Loss of plasma protein into the urine due to kidney disease would decrease the oncotic pressure of plasma, leading to an increase in ultrafiltration and a decrease in reabsorption.

Question 19

For blood pressure recorded as 118/76 mmHg, match the correct values, labelled a. through e., with the pressures in question.
-What is the systolic pressure

Accepted Answer

The systolic pressure is the first number in a blood pressure reading and in this case, it is 118 mmHg.

Note: None of the other options correspond to the systolic pressure.

Question 20

Match the types of vessel, labelled a. through e., with the function(s) they perform. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-serve as low-resistance passageways from the tissues to the heart

Accepted Answer

Veins serve as low-resistance passageways for blood to return from the tissues to the heart, facilitating the circulation of blood throughout the body.

Quiz 9: Vascular Physiology

Match the terms, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. -increase in blood flow to a tissue that occurs after removal of an occlusion of its blood supply

Match the effects, labelled a. through e., that the changes in question would have on bulk flow. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -rise in capillary blood pressure in connection with congestive heart failure

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the change(s) . (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -increasing the number of circulating red blood cells

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the change(s) . (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -increasing the radius of a vessel

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the change(s) . (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -increasing the pressure gradient in a vessel

Match the types of vessel, labelled a. through e., with the function(s) they perform. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -vessels that pick up fluid that is filtered but not reabsorbed

For blood pressure recorded as 118/76 mmHg, match the correct values, labelled a. through e., with the pressures in question. -What is the mean arterial pressure

For blood pressure recorded as 118/76 mmHg, match the correct values, labelled a. through e., with the pressures in question. -What is the diastolic pressure

For blood pressure recorded as 118/76 mmHg, match the correct values, labelled a. through e., with the pressures in question. -What is the pulse pressure

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the change(s) . (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -increasing the length of a vessel

Match the types of vessel, labelled a. through e., with the function(s) they perform. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -portion of the circulatory system through which the velocity of blood flow is the slowest

Match the types of vessel, labelled a. through e., with the function(s) they perform. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -act as a pressure reservoir to drive blood forward throughout the vasculature during cardiac diastole

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the change(s) . (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -increasing the resistance of a vessel

Match the terms, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. -local arteriolar mechanisms that are aimed at keeping tissue blood flow fairly constant in spite of rather wide deviations in mean arterial driving pressure

Match the terms, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. -arteriolar dilation that occurs within a tissue in response to local chemical changes that accompany increased metabolic activity of the tissue

Match the types of vessel, labelled a. through e., with the function(s) they perform. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -changes in the radius of this vessel type regulate the distribution of the cardiac output to various areas of the body

Match the terms, labelled a. through d., with the correct characteristics. -important in maintaining an adequate pressure head to drive blood forward to the tissues

Match the effects, labelled a. through e., that the changes in question would have on bulk flow. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -loss of plasma protein into the urine due to kidney disease

For blood pressure recorded as 118/76 mmHg, match the correct values, labelled a. through e., with the pressures in question. -What is the systolic pressure

Match the types of vessel, labelled a. through e., with the function(s) they perform. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -serve as low-resistance passageways from the tissues to the heart