Question 1

Which of the following best describes a Mittelschmerz?

Accepted Answer

Mittelschmerz is a sharp pain experienced by some women on one side of the lower abdomen during ovulation. This occurs due to the stretching of the surface of the ovary causing pain.

Question 2

What are the two components of the female reproductive cycle?

Accepted Answer

The two components of the female reproductive cycle are the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle. The ovarian cycle involves the development and release of an egg from the ovary, while the uterine cycle involves changes in the lining of the uterus in preparation for a potential pregnancy. The menstrual cycle is a part of the uterine cycle and is characterized by the shedding of the uterine lining if a pregnancy does not occur.

Question 3

During her menstrual cycle,Anya developed a severe bacterial infection as a result of which she became sick.Her doctor told her that it could be the result of tampon use.In this case,Anya most likely has

Accepted Answer

Tampon use has been associated with toxic shock syndrome, a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection. Symptoms can include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash. Anya's severe bacterial infection is likely a result of toxic shock syndrome caused by tampon use during her menstrual cycle. Endometriosis, amenorrhea, and perimenopausal syndrome do not typically have a direct link to tampon use or bacterial infections.

Question 4

Between the anus and the vagina is an area of soft tissue known as the

Accepted Answer

The perineum is the soft tissue area between the anus and the vagina in females or between the anus and the scrotum in males. The other options do not accurately describe this specific anatomy.

Question 5

The phases of the ovarian cycle include all of the following EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

The phases of the ovarian cycle include the follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase. The proliferative phase is a phase of the uterine cycle, not the ovarian cycle.

Question 6

Hormones that act directly on the gonads are called

Accepted Answer

Hormones that act directly on the gonads are called gonadotropins. Examples of gonadotropins include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which regulate the growth and function of the gonads (ovaries and testes). Pheromones and allomones are chemicals that affect behavior in other animals, not necessarily related to reproductive function. Lipotropins are a group of hormones that influence lipid metabolism.

Question 7

What percentage of menstruating women experience premenstrual discomfort?

Accepted Answer

According to studies, around 75 percent of menstruating women experience premenstrual discomfort.

Question 8

The phases of the ovarian cycle in the order of their occurrence are the

Accepted Answer

During the ovarian cycle, the follicular phase comes first, followed by the ovulatory phase, and finally the luteal phase. The follicular phase is characterized by the growth and maturation of follicles in the ovary. The ovulatory phase involves the release of a mature egg from the ovary. The luteal phase follows ovulation and is marked by the development of the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for possible pregnancy.

Question 9

Usually,ovulation occurs

Accepted Answer

Ovulation usually occurs in one of the two ovaries each month, alternating between the sides. It is not limited to any particular ovary or occurring twice in a month.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

Accepted Answer

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can have physical (such as bloating and cramps), emotional (such as mood swings and irritability), and psychological (such as anxiety and depression) symptoms. Option A is incorrect since PMS symptoms may vary in age and menopause transition. Option C is incorrect as PMS can occur in women of any race and socioeconomic status. Option D is also incorrect as PMS is more common than premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Question 11

Rebecca has had an alarmingly heavy flow without much pain during her menstrual cycle.She has soaked through a sanitary pad in less than an hour.Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis in this case?

Accepted Answer

Menorrhagia is defined as heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, which is consistent with the symptom of soaking through a pad in less than an hour. Dyspareunia refers to painful intercourse and is not relevant to this symptom. Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods, which is not applicable in this case. Dysmenorrhea is painful menstrual periods, which is not the primary symptom in this case.

Question 12

When women who live or work together sometimes report similarly timed menstrual cycles it is known as

Accepted Answer

Menstrual synchrony refers to the phenomenon where women who live or work together may experience similar timing and length of menstrual cycles. However, it is important to note that this phenomenon is controversial and some studies have found conflicting results. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (A) is a condition that involves severe emotional and physical symptoms before a woman's period. Amenorrhea (C) is the absence of menstrual periods, and menorrhagia (D) is excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding. Neither of these terms describes the phenomenon of menstrual synchrony.

Question 13

The darkened area around the nipple is called the

Accepted Answer

The darkened area around the nipple is called the areola. The auricle refers to the external part of the ear, while the atrium is a chamber in the heart. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs. Therefore, the correct choice is D) areola.

Question 14

Approximately how much blood is expelled during the menses?

Accepted Answer

On average, 2-5 ounces (or 60-150 milliliters) of blood is expelled during the menstrual period.

Question 15

When women do not menstruate for reasons other than aging,the condition is called

Accepted Answer

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation, which can be due to conditions such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, menopause, or certain medical conditions. Dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation, menarche is the first occurrence of menstruation, and menorrhagia is heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.

Question 16

Mothers nourish their infants with milk produced in lobes within the breast called

Accepted Answer

Alveoli are small lobules within the breast that produce milk. Areolas are the dark areas around the nipples, while cilia are tiny hair-like structures in the respiratory tract that move mucus and debris. Ampullae are enlarged sections of tubes in various areas of the body, such as the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system.

Question 17

The menstrual phase is characterized by the shedding of

Accepted Answer

The menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the shedding of the endometrial tissue which lines the uterus.

Question 18

Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding is called

Accepted Answer

Menorrhagia specifically refers to heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, whereas dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps, amenorrhea refers to a lack of menstrual period, and menarche refers to the first menstrual period.

Question 19

The number of ovarian follicles that grow during the follicular phase is

Accepted Answer

During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, typically 10-20 ovarian follicles begin to grow, but usually only one becomes dominant and reaches full maturity to be ovulated.

Question 20

Female breasts develop at puberty because of

Accepted Answer

Female breasts develop at puberty due to hormonal stimulation, specifically the release of estrogen which triggers the growth of breast tissue. Muscular development and sexual responsiveness may play a role in the appearance and function of the breasts, but they are not the primary cause of their development. Psychological reorientation is not a relevant factor in breast development.

Quiz 3: Female Sexual Anatomy, Physiology, and Response