Question 1

After a teenager in the neighborhood was diagnosed with HIV,Mark would not allow his teenage children to use the public toilets in that area,fearing they could get infected too.Which of the following statements is true in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

HIV is not transmitted through the usage of same toilet seats. HIV transmission occurs through unprotected sex, sharing of needles or blood transfusion, and from mother to baby during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Therefore, there is no danger in using public toilets in the same area as an HIV positive person. Mark's fear is based on stigma and lack of knowledge about HIV transmission. Education about HIV and dispelling myths and misconceptions is important to overcome stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a myth connected with AIDS?

Accepted Answer

Sharing needles with someone who is infected with HIV is a known and scientifically proven method of transmission of the virus, unlike the other options which are myths.

Question 3

Which of the following has never been shown to result in the transmission of HIV?

Accepted Answer

HIV is not transmitted through sweat as there is not enough virus present in sweat to cause infection. The other options have been shown to transmit HIV if the person carrying the virus has not taken preventive measures.

Question 4

Who among the following is at a much higher risk of HIV transmission through vaginal sex without a condom?

Accepted Answer

Women are at a much higher risk of HIV transmission through vaginal sex without a condom. This is because during vaginal sex, the HIV virus can easily enter a woman's bloodstream through any cuts, tears or abrasions in the vagina. Women also have a larger surface area in their genital tract that can be exposed to the virus. Additionally, semen can stay inside the vagina for a longer time, increasing the exposure time to the virus.

Question 5

Who among the following is at a higher risk of contracting HIV?

Accepted Answer

Rina, who has vaginal sex without a condom, is at higher risk of contracting HIV. Vaginal sex is a high-risk behavior for HIV transmission as the vaginal tissues can easily be torn during intercourse, providing a direct entry for the virus into the bloodstream.

Answer: B
 Greg, who engages in cunnilingus with his HIV-infected wife, is also at risk of contracting HIV. Although the risk of transmission through oral sex is lower than vaginal or anal sex, it is still present, particularly if there are cuts or sores in the mouth or on the genitals.

Answer: C and D are not correct choices.
 Open-mouth kissing and sharing toilet seats are not considered high-risk behaviors for HIV transmission as the virus is not easily spread through saliva or by casual contact with contaminated surfaces.

Question 6

Anal intercourse is extremely risky for the transmission of HIV because

Accepted Answer

The membrane lining the rectum is thin and fragile, making it prone to tearing during anal intercourse. This can expose blood vessels in the rectal tissue, providing a direct pathway for HIV to enter the bloodstream. Semen and feces within the rectum may increase the viral load, but it is the exposure of blood vessels that makes anal intercourse particularly risky for HIV transmission. The virus cannot enter the stomach through the digestive system, and while there are leukocytes (white blood cells) within the colon, this alone does not make anal intercourse more risky for HIV transmission.

Question 7

Women are at more risk than men in contracting HIV through vaginal intercourse without a condom because

Accepted Answer

The lining of the vagina can tear during intercourse, exposing the woman to the virus. Menstruation can also increase the risk of infection, but it is not a direct cause of higher risk for women compared to men. Women are not inherently more susceptible to HIV than men. Mental vulnerability is not a factor in HIV transmission.

Question 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most risky sexual behavior?

Accepted Answer

Unprotected anal sex is considered the most risky sexual behavior because the lining of the rectum is more delicate and susceptible to tearing or bleeding, which can increase the risk of transmitting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV. The anus also lacks natural lubrication, which can increase the risk of tearing or friction during penetration.

Question 9

Both men and women are at a maximum risk for HIV transmission when they engage in

Accepted Answer

Unprotected anal intercourse carries the highest risk of HIV transmission, as the rectal lining is more susceptible to tearing and allows for easier entry of the virus into the bloodstream. While the other options also carry a risk, unprotected anal intercourse is the most high-risk behavior.

Question 10

The World Health Organization (WHO)and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)state that the rates of new HIV infections are

Accepted Answer

The WHO and UNAIDS state that the rates of new HIV infections are going down all over the world. This is due to increased access to prevention measures, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as education on safe sex practices and reducing stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS.

Question 11

Niya contracts HIV as a result of having sexual intercourse with her boyfriend,who is infected with HIV.She gets pregnant,and months later she gives birth to a healthy baby boy.Given that her baby has not contracted HIV yet,which of the following must she do in order to ensure that her baby is HIV-free?

Accepted Answer

HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, so Niya should not breastfeed her baby if she wants to ensure that her baby does not contract HIV. The virus is not transmitted through utensils, tears, sweat, cuddling, or kissing.

Question 12

Since the epidemic began,the proportion of AIDS diagnoses among

Accepted Answer

According to the sentence, the proportion of AIDS diagnoses among African Americans has increased while the proportion among Whites has decreased, making option A the best choice.

Question 13

Which of the following can increase the risk of HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

Having multiple sex partners increases the risk of HIV infection as it increases the exposure to the virus during sexual intercourse. Eating food prepared by an HIV-infected food handler does not pose a risk of HIV infection as the virus does not survive well outside the human body. Donating blood and cuddling an HIV-infected person also do not increase the risk of HIV infection.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a way in which HIV can be transmitted?

Accepted Answer

HIV is not transmitted through closed-mouth kissing. HIV can be transmitted through unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse, sharing needles or other injection drug equipment with a person who has HIV, and through unprotected oral sex. It can also be transmitted from a mother to her baby during childbirth or through breastfeeding.

Question 15

According to the World Health Organization (WHO)and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS),how many million people have died of AIDS worldwide?

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), over 39 million people have died of AIDS worldwide.

Question 16

In which of the following ways can an HIV-positive woman pass the virus to her baby?

Accepted Answer

An HIV-positive woman can pass the virus to her baby through breast milk. It is important for HIV-positive women to take the necessary precautions to prevent transmission of the virus to their child during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding.

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct route of HIV transmission?

Accepted Answer

Injecting drugs with a contaminated needle is a direct route of HIV transmission. HIV cannot be transmitted through casual contact like drinking, ingesting drugs, or smoking.

Question 18

When HIV is diagnosed before or during pregnancy,if appropriate medical treatment is given,the virus becomes undetectable,and the mother does not breastfeed,HIV transmission to the baby or child can be reduced to less than

Accepted Answer

With appropriate medical treatment, including antiretroviral therapy, HIV transmission from mother to child can be reduced to less than 1%. It is important for pregnant women to receive early testing and treatment to lower the risk of transmission.

Question 19

What percentage of untreated HIV positive pregnant women will pass the virus on to their babies?

Accepted Answer

Without treatment, the transmission rate of HIV from mother to child is approximately 25-33 percent.

Question 20

Through which of the following body fluids is AIDS transmissible?

Accepted Answer

AIDS is transmissible through semen, blood, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. It is not easily transmissible through sweat or tears as the virus does not survive well outside of the body in these fluids.

Quiz 16: Hiv and Aids