Question 1

A patient has psoriasis. Which drug classifications does the healthcare professional advise the patient to avoid if possible? (Select all that apply.)
A)Antibiotics
B)Calcium channel blockers
C)Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
D)Beta-blockers
E)Lithium

Accepted Answer

Triggers for psoriasis include physical injury, infection, and some medications such as beta-blockers and lithium.

Question 2

A patient was hospitalized with frostbite and is receiving ibuprofen. The patient asks the healthcare professional to explain the rationale for the drug. What is the best response?
A)Treating fever
B)Preventing plate aggregation
C)Reducing pain
D)Inhibiting prostaglandins

Accepted Answer

Ibuprofen is used to inhibit prostaglandins. Although ibuprofen may be administered for the other reasons stated, those applications are not related to the treatment of frostbite.

Question 3

A healthcare professional assesses a patient who has elevated lesions on the face that are waxy and yellowish. What condition does the professional discuss with the patient?
A)Basal keratosis
B)Seborrheic keratosis
C)Keratoacanthoma
D)Actinic keratosis

Accepted Answer

Seborrheic keratosis is a benign proliferation of cutaneous basal cells that produces smooth or warty elevated lesions. The pathogenetic origin is unknown. Seborrheic keratosis usually occurs in older people as multiple lesions on the chest, back, and face. The color varies from tan to waxy, yellow, flesh-colored, or dark brown to black. Keratoacanthoma usually arise from hair follicles. Actinic keratosis is a common premalignant condition with lesions that are rough, poorly defined, and pink or reddish.

Question 4

Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma?
A)Endothelial
B)Keratinocyte
C)Melanocyte
D)Exothelial

Accepted Answer

Only the endothelial cell is thought to be the progenitor of Kaposi sarcoma, but the specific origin is elusive.

Question 5

A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with cold, white, waxy fingers and toes. The patient denies pain. Which intervention does the healthcare professional provide as the priority?
A)Applying local, dry heat
B)Rubbing or massaging the area
C)Immersing in warm water
D)Leaving the area uncovered

Accepted Answer

This patient has signs of frostbite. Immersion in a warm-water bath (40°C to 42°C [104°F to 107.6°F]) until frozen tissue is thawed is the best treatment for frostbite. Rubbing or massaging the area would damage the traumatized cells. Dry heat is not used. Leaving the area uncovered would occur in order to immerse it.

Question 6

Lesions that usually have depressed centers with rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck characterize which malignancy?
A)Squamous cell carcinoma
B)Kaposi sarcoma
C)Malignant melanoma
D)Basal cell carcinoma

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma lesions have depressed centers with rolled borders. Lesions are most often observed on people who live in regions with intense sunlight and on those areas of the skin most exposed-namely, the face and neck. Squamous cell lesions are firm with a granular surface that bleeds easily. Kaposi sarcoma lesions are purplish brown macules and develop into plaques and nodules and are seen most often in people with AIDS. The ABCDE rule is used as a guide for assessing malignant melanoma: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter larger than 6 mm, and Elevation which includes raised appearance or rapid enlargement.

Question 7

Which information does the student learn about a nevus? (Select all that apply.)
A)A nevus is an aggregation of melanocytes.
B)Nevi begin to form at the ages of 3 to 5 years.
C)Nevi are characterized by irregular borders.
D)Nevi share a relationship with melanoma.
E)Nevi always warrant being removed.

Accepted Answer

A nevus, or mole, is a benign pigmented or nonpigmented lesion that forms from melanocytes beginning at ages 3 to 5 years. Over time the cells move down into the dermis and the nevi become nodular and symmetrical without irregular borders. Nevi may undergo transition to malignant melanomas. Nevi repeatedly traumatized, irritated by clothing, or large lesions can be excised.

Question 8

A patient has an onychomycosis. Where would the healthcare professional assess this disorder?
A)Scalp
B)Fingernail
C)Lower legs
D)Mucus membranes

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis is the term used to identify a fungal or dermatophyte infection of the nail plate. The professional would assess the patient's fingernails (or toenails).

Question 9

What effects does normal aging have on the wound healing process? (Select all that apply.)
A)Decreased cell proliferation
B)Decreased blood supply
C)Depressed immune responses
D)Depressed appetite
E)Decreased cognitive function

Accepted Answer

Decreased cell proliferation, decreased blood supply, and depressed immune responses delay wound healing in aging skin. Decreased nutrition can affect the healing process, but that is not a normal age-related change. Decreased cognitive function is not related to wound healing.

Question 10

A patient has a furuncle. Where would the healthcare professional assess the patient for this condition?
A)Feet
B)Palms
C)Hair follicles
D)Fingernails

Accepted Answer

A furuncle, or "boil," is used to identify an inflammation of the hair follicles (root) that may develop from a preceding folliculitis and spread through the follicular wall into the surrounding dermis.

Question 11

Bowen disease is a form of which type of cancer?
A)Kaposi sarcoma
B)Malignant melanoma
C)Basal cell carcinoma
D)Squamous cell carcinoma

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a tumor of the epidermis and the second most common human cancer. Two types are characterized: (1) in situ (Bowen disease) and (2) invasive. Bowen disease is not a form of any of the other cancers.

Question 12

The student learns that alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?
A)myc
B)TP53
C)src
D)Ras

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma arises as a consequence of ultraviolet-associated mutation in only the TP53 tumor-suppressor gene leading to the loss of keratinocyte repair functions and apoptosis resistance of DNA-damaged cells. The Ras gene is involved in melanoma. The myc gene codes for a transcription factor and is involved in several cancers. The src gene is a proto-oncogene.

Question 13

A woman has developed hirsutism. What conditions should the healthcare professional assess her for? (Select all that apply.)
A)Adrenal hyperplasia
B)Cushing disease
C)Polycystic ovaries
D)Addison disease
E)Adrenal tumor

Accepted Answer

Women who develop hirsutism may be secreting hormones associated with ovarian or adrenal disease. Such women should be evaluated for polycystic ovaries, adrenal hyperplasia, or adrenal tumors. Neither Cushing nor Addison diseases are associated with hirsutism.

Question 14

A patient with scleroderma asks the healthcare professional how this condition was acquired. What response is best?
A)X-linked recessive gene
B)X-linked dominant gene
C)Virus
D)Autoantibodies

Accepted Answer

Scleroderma means sclerosis of the skin and is associated with immune dysregulation and several autoantibodies.

Question 15

A patient has an intradermal nevus. What assessment does the healthcare professional know is consistent with this lesion?
A)Flat, dark, may be up to 2 cm in size
B)Elevated and smooth surface
C)Regular edges with bristle-like hairs
D)Heaped-up, keratinized cells

Accepted Answer

Only intradermal nevus is characterized by a small (less than 1 cm) lesion with regular edges and bristlelike hairs with a color change that can range from skin tones to light brown. A junctional nevus is flat, dark, and up to 2 cm in size. A compound nevus is elevated and smooth. Heaped up keratinized cells describe a scale.

Question 16

What information does the student learn about Kaposi sarcoma? (Select all that apply.)
A)South America has been the site of the endemic form of Kaposi sarcoma.
B)Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular malignancy.
C)It is associated with drug-induced immunosuppression.
D)Kaposi sarcoma is associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
E)The classic form of Kaposi sarcoma is observed on the lower legs of older men.

Accepted Answer

Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular malignancy with four different presentations: (1) it is associated with drug-induced immunosuppression; (2) its endemic form has been found in equatorial Africa, (3) the classic form appears on the lower legs of older men, and (4) it is associated with AIDS. There is no specific geographic location for endemic Kaposi sarcoma.

Question 17

Which inflammatory mediators are active in frostbite? (Select all that apply.)
A)Leukotrienes
B)Histamine
C)Prostaglandins
D)Bradykinin
E)Thromboxanes

Accepted Answer

The inflammatory mediators of frostbite are similar to burns and include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, bradykinin, and histamine. Leukotrienes are not associated with frostbite.

Quiz 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

A patient has psoriasis. Which drug classifications does the healthcare professional advise the patient to avoid if possible? (Select all that apply.)

A patient was hospitalized with frostbite and is receiving ibuprofen. The patient asks the healthcare professional to explain the rationale for the drug. What is the best response?

A healthcare professional assesses a patient who has elevated lesions on the face that are waxy and yellowish. What condition does the professional discuss with the patient?

Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma?

A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with cold, white, waxy fingers and toes. The patient denies pain. Which intervention does the healthcare professional provide as the priority?

Lesions that usually have depressed centers with rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck characterize which malignancy?

Which information does the student learn about a nevus? (Select all that apply.)

A patient has an onychomycosis. Where would the healthcare professional assess this disorder?

What effects does normal aging have on the wound healing process? (Select all that apply.)

A patient has a furuncle. Where would the healthcare professional assess the patient for this condition?

Bowen disease is a form of which type of cancer?

The student learns that alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?

A woman has developed hirsutism. What conditions should the healthcare professional assess her for? (Select all that apply.)

A patient with scleroderma asks the healthcare professional how this condition was acquired. What response is best?

A patient has an intradermal nevus. What assessment does the healthcare professional know is consistent with this lesion?

What information does the student learn about Kaposi sarcoma? (Select all that apply.)

Which inflammatory mediators are active in frostbite? (Select all that apply.)