Question 1

Normal, ordinary people who have occasional intrusive thoughts with bizarre, sexual, or aggressive content would not be considered to have OCD. However, they would if they found the thoughts unacceptable or even dangerous and also

Accepted Answer

The key factor in determining if someone has OCD is not the presence of intrusive thoughts, but rather how they react to those thoughts. If the person finds the thoughts unacceptable or dangerous and becomes anxious about having more of them, they may have OCD. Using alcohol or other drugs, developing insomnia and nightmares, and suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder or social phobia are not necessarily indicative of OCD.

Question 2

When the term "magical" is used to refer to OCD-related compulsive acts, it means

Accepted Answer

When "magical" is used to describe OCD-related compulsions, it means that the compulsions themselves are seemingly illogical and have no direct connection to the individual's obsessions.

Question 3

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is often accompanied by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Visual hallucinations are not typically associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Severe generalized anxiety, major depression, and panic attacks are commonly associated with OCD.

Question 4

Which of the following would be an example of thought-action fusion in clients with OCD?

Accepted Answer

Thought-action fusion refers to the belief that one's thoughts have the same moral weight as one's actions. Believing that thinking about an abortion is the same as actually having an abortion is an example of thought-action fusion in clients with OCD. The other options are examples of other OCD symptoms such as washing compulsions, safety rituals, and hoarding behaviors.

Question 5

What percentage of patients with panic disorder are free of panic as long as they stay on an effective drug?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of patients with panic disorder...

Question 6

Regarding pharmacological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder, the most effective drugs are those that inhibit the reuptake of the neurotransmitter called

Accepted Answer

The most effective drugs for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder are those that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like fluoxetine and sertraline. This is because there is evidence that serotonin plays a key role in the regulation of mood, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Dopamine, noradrenaline, and epinephrine do not appear to be as crucial in the pathophysiology of OCD.

Question 7

Which of the following is an accurate statement about factors affecting treatment for PTSD?

Accepted Answer

Victims of PTSD may actually repress memories of the traumatic events, making it difficult to access and process these memories in therapy. It is important for therapists to work with the patient to gradually and safely uncover these memories and process them in a supportive and healing environment. Re-exposure to the trauma should be done carefully and in a controlled manner, and may not be appropriate for all patients.

Question 8

Regarding the obsessions seen in patients with OCD, the term "need for symmetry" refers to

Accepted Answer

People with OCD who have a "need for symmetry" obsession feel a strong urge to keep things in perfect order, balanced and symmetrical. They may spend hours arranging items until they feel "just right," and may become anxious or distressed if they are unable to achieve this level of perfection.

Question 9

Phobias characterized by fear of public transportation or enclosed places are called?

Accepted Answer

Situational phobias are characterized by fear of certain situations or circumstances, such as enclosed places or public transportation. Blood-Injection-Injury phobia, animal phobias, and natural environment type phobias are all different types of phobias that do not necessarily involve fear of specific situations or circumstances.

Question 10

According to several cross-cultural research studies reported in the textbook, the prevalence of OCD is

Accepted Answer

Several cross-cultural research studies reported in the textbook have found that the prevalence of OCD is very similar across cultures. While there may be some cultural variations in the specific symptoms and types of OCD, overall the disorder is found at similar rates across different countries and cultures.

Question 11

The compulsions that an individual with OCD uses to suppress disastrous consequences or ward off intrusive thoughts can be either

Accepted Answer

The compulsions used in OCD are either behavioral (such as checking or rearranging objects) or mental (such as counting or repeating phrases in their head). The other options listed do not accurately describe the nature of OCD compulsions.

Question 12

Which of the following would NOT be an example of an OCD-related behavioral compulsion?

Accepted Answer

Aggression is not typically considered a behavioral compulsion in OCD. The other three (checking, hand washing, and ordering) are all common examples of OCD-related behavioral compulsions.

Question 13

What element of OCD applies to Richard (the case described in the textbook), who was obsessed with the idea that if he did not eat in a certain ritualistic way, he would become possessed?

Accepted Answer

Richard's belief that not following his ritualistic eating would lead to possession by a demon is an example of magical thinking, which involves believing that their actions can have a powerful influence on external events.

Question 14

Major example of natural environment phobias are EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

Snakes are not considered a natural environment phobia; they fall under animal phobias. Natural environment phobias typically involve fear of elements like heights, storms, and water.

Question 15

What happens when people with OCD attempt to neutralize or suppress disturbing, intrusive thoughts?

Accepted Answer

When people with OCD attempt to neutralize or suppress disturbing, intrusive thoughts, the frequency of the obsessive thoughts increases over time. This is because neutralizing or suppressing the thoughts actually reinforces their urgency and importance in the person's mind, making them more likely to occur again in the future.

Question 16

___________ are currently the indicated drug for panic disorder based on all available evidence.

Accepted Answer

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are currently the indicated drug for panic disorder based on all available evidence. They are considered safe, effective, and well-tolerated medications for managing panic disorder symptoms. SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) and venlafaxine may also be helpful for some individuals with panic disorder, but SSRIs are the first-line treatment recommended by most psychiatric organizations and experts.

Question 17

Tony has thoughts about hating his rich uncle and wishing he would somehow become a pauper. He becomes very anxious about these thoughts because he has developed the idea that if anything really happened to his uncle's money, it would be his fault. For no explainable reason, Tony starts mentally counting by odd numbers each time he walks past his uncle's house and discovers that this activity makes him less anxious. Tony's behavior can be described as

Accepted Answer

Tony's behavior of counting by odd numbers is a mental compulsion that he has developed to neutralize his anxiety-provoking, maladaptive thoughts. This is a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which is characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images (obsessions) that are followed by repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that aim to reduce the anxiety or prevent a dreaded outcome.

Question 18

In the case of Richard, the patient with OCD described in the textbook, he was compelled to take very small steps as he walked and to look back repeatedly. As with other types of checking compulsions, Richard was trying to

Accepted Answer

Richard's compulsions were likely aimed at warding off an imagined disaster, which is a common motivation behind checking compulsions in OCD.

Question 19

The model of the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the text suggests that in order for an individual to develop OCD, ________ must be present.

Accepted Answer

The model of the etiology of OCD presented in the text suggests that both biological and psychological vulnerabilities need to be present in order for an individual to develop the disorder. The biological vulnerabilities include factors such as genetic predisposition, neurobiological abnormalities, and abnormalities in brain chemistry. The psychological vulnerabilities include factors such as a history of trauma, cognitive biases, and personality traits such as perfectionism and responsibility.

Question 20

A process whereby the rituals are prevented and the patient is systematically exposed to the feared thoughts or situations is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The process described is exposure and ritual prevention, which is a component of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) used to treat Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This involves blocking the compulsive behaviors (rituals) that the patient engages in to alleviate their anxiety related to their obsessions, while simultaneously exposing them gradually to the feared thoughts or situations.

Quiz 4: Anxiety, Trauma- and Stressor-Related, and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders