Question 1

Determining the antecedents,consequences,and setting events that maintain inappropriate behaviours is called

Accepted Answer

Functional assessment involves identifying the reasons why a behavior is occurring, including antecedents (what happens right before the behavior), consequences (what happens immediately following the behavior), and setting events (the larger context and conditions that may impact the behavior). By understanding these factors, interventions can be developed that address the underlying function of the behavior, leading to more effective behavior change. Functional analysis, on the other hand, involves directly manipulating antecedents and consequences to test hypotheses about the function of the behavior. Behavior management and behavioral contracting are related to developing and implementing interventions but do not necessarily involve the same level of analysis of the underlying factors maintaining the behavior.

Question 2

The most frequently prescribed types of medication for students with ADHD are

Accepted Answer

Psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine, are considered the first-line treatment for ADHD and are the most frequently prescribed medication for managing symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. They work by increasing the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, improving focus and attention. Other medication options may be used for individuals who cannot tolerate or do not respond well to psychostimulants, but they are not as commonly prescribed for ADHD.

Question 3

Abilities needed to be successful in one's living environment (e.g. ,communication,self-care,social skills,and leisure)are called

Accepted Answer

Adaptive skills are the abilities needed to effectively manage daily life demands and interact with one's environment, including communication, self-care, social skills, and leisure activities.

Question 4

All of the following are suggestions for teaching students with ADHD EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The suggestion to avoid "thinking aloud" as this is very distracting is not accurate. In fact, verbalizing internal thoughts and problem-solving can be beneficial for many students with ADHD.

Question 5

There is some research evidence that positive behavioural changes in students with ADHD are more likely to occur in

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is some research evidence that positive...

Question 6

According to the authors,the most appropriate placement for students with ADHD

Accepted Answer

The authors state that the most appropriate placement for students with ADHD is dependent on the individual student. Therefore, neither A nor B can be definitively stated as the best choice for all students with ADHD. The subtype of ADHD may also be a factor in determining placement, but it is not the only consideration. Overall, the best choice for placement should take into account the specific needs and strengths of the individual student, as well as any supports or accommodations that may be necessary.

Question 7

All of the following are intervention principles for ADHD,according to Pfiffner and Barkley (1998),EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Reinforcers should not remain consistently the same; they should be varied to maintain interest and effectiveness.

Question 8

All of the following are characteristics of Cruickshank's program for students who would today meet the criteria for ADHD EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

While Cruickshank's program emphasizes reducing irrelevant stimuli, enhancing materials for learning, and providing structure, it does not prioritize student-directed learning. In fact, the program was designed to address behaviors associated with ADHD, which typically include difficulty with self-directed attention and self-regulation. Therefore, the emphasis is on guidance and structure provided by the teacher or program, rather than fully student-directed learning.

Question 9

Criticisms of the use of Ritalin to treat symptoms of ADHD include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Ritalin is generally used to decrease ADHD symptoms, not increase them.

Question 10

Cautions for teachers regarding the prescription and use of medications to treat ADHD include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Teachers should not adjust the dosages of medication as that is the role of medical professionals. It is important for teachers to be aware of the possibility of medication abuse, not assume medication will improve academic performance, and not promote medication as a substitute for self-responsibility.

Question 11

The behaviour of one student is tied to the outcome of the whole group in a

Accepted Answer

In a group contingency model, the behaviour of one student is tied to the outcome of the whole group. This means that the consequences of individual behaviour are determined by the behaviour of the group as a whole. Therefore, the correct answer is C, group contingency model.

Question 12

According to Barkley,each of the following is a way that people with ADHD can exhibit problems with executive function EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Barkley,each of the following is...

Question 13

Early intensive interventions for students with ADHD generally results in

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early intensive interventions for students with ADHD...

Question 14

In contingency-based self-management,the "contingency" is usually a type of

Accepted Answer

In contingency-based self-management, the contingency is usually a type of reward. This means that a certain behavior will result in a positive outcome, such as receiving praise, a prize, or a privilege. This type of self-management can be effective in shaping behavior and maintaining motivation. Punishment or aversives may also be used, but they are generally considered to be less effective and may lead to negative psychological outcomes. Contract may be involved, but it is not the primary type of contingency in this approach.

Question 15

Most students with ADHD spend most of their time in which of the following settings?

Accepted Answer

Most students with ADHD spend the majority of their time in a general education classroom, with accommodations and supports in place to meet their individual needs. Special day schools and self-contained classrooms may be options for some students with more significant needs, but are not the norm for most students with ADHD. Resource rooms may be utilized for additional support, but are typically not the primary setting for instruction.

Question 16

Having persons keep track of their own behaviour and then receive consequences based on their behaviour is called

Accepted Answer

Contingency-based self-management involves individuals tracking their own behavior and then implementing consequences for that behavior. This is different from consequence-based self-monitoring, which involves simply keeping track of behavior without implementing consequences. Contingency-based functional assessment involves identifying the antecedents and consequences of problem behavior in order to develop a plan for behavior change.

Question 17

A teaching model that includes content instruction by one teacher to a large group of students and remedial or supplementary instruction by the other teacher to a small group of students is

Accepted Answer

Alternative teaching is a model where one teacher delivers content to the whole class while the other teacher works with a smaller group of students who need extra support or remediation. This allows for differentiated instruction and personalized learning. Parallel teaching involves splitting the class into two equal groups and having both teachers teach the same content simultaneously. Team teaching involves both teachers being responsible for delivering instructional content together. Station teaching involves students rotating between different stations where teachers provide instruction and activities. However, none of these models fully match the description given in the question. Therefore, the best choice is A) alternative teaching.

Question 18

Which problem of students with ADHD is so common that some authorities suggest it should be the defining characteristic of the condition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which problem of students with ADHD is...

Question 19

Which of the following statements about Ritalin is true?

Accepted Answer

Ritalin is not effective for about 30% of people who take it. This statement is true as per research and studies done on Ritalin's efficacy. The other options are false.

Question 20

Each of the following statements about the coexistence of ADHD with other conditions is true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Intellectual disabilities do not occur more often among people with ADHD than in the general population. In fact, individuals with ADHD are not at a higher risk for intellectual disabilities.

Quiz 7: Learners With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder