Question 1

Injection of a patient with ready-made antibodies produced in a different host is an example of what type of immunity

Accepted Answer

Injection of ready-made antibodies from a different host is an example of artificially acquired passive immunity because the recipient does not produce their own antibodies, but rather receives them from another source.

Question 2

Immunity that is mediated by T lymphocytes is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes, which recognize and destroy infected or abnormal cells. Antibody-mediated immunity (also known as humoral immunity) is mediated by B lymphocytes, which produce antibodies that recognize and neutralize pathogens. Innate acquired immunity is a term that is not commonly used, while innate natural immunity refers to defenses that are present at birth, such as skin and mucous membranes.

Question 3

Cells that synthesize and release antibody molecules are:

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells are specialized B cells that produce and secrete large quantities of antibodies specific to a particular antigen. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can develop into different cell types, but they do not directly synthesize and release antibody molecules. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper T lymphocytes are involved in cell-mediated immunity and do not produce antibodies.

Question 4

Colostrum,which contains high concentrations of antibodies passed onto an infant from a mother during breast-feeding,is an example of what type of immunity

Accepted Answer

Colostrum is a natural form of passive immunity where the infant receives antibodies from the mother through breast milk. The antibodies are not produced by the infant itself, but rather passively acquired from the mother's immune system.

Question 5

A protein molecule produced in a host in response to an antigen which is capable of binding specifically to that antigen is a/an:

Accepted Answer

An antibody is a protein molecule produced by the host in response to an antigen. It is capable of binding specifically to that antigen and helping to eliminate it from the body. Perforin is a protein involved in the process of cell lysis, while cytokines are signaling molecules involved in immune responses. Antigen is a molecule that can trigger an immune response, but it is not produced by the host.

Question 6

Injection of a person with a vaccine that induces protective immunity in that individual is an example of what type of immunity

Accepted Answer

This is an example of active, artificial immunity, as the vaccine is being intentionally administered to induce a protective immune response in the individual. Active immunity refers to the immune response that occurs when the body is exposed to a pathogen or its antigens and produces its own antibodies. Artificial immunity refers to immunity that is acquired through medical intervention, such as a vaccine.

Question 7

Which of the following is false about haptens

Accepted Answer

Haptens can bind to antibodies, but they do not necessarily prevent them from binding to a large protein. Additionally, choices A, B, and C all describe the need for a hapten to be bound to a large protein to act as an antigen, which is true. Therefore, the false statement about haptens is choice D.

Question 8

Which refers to the ability of a host organism to recognize and defend itself against the onslaught of pathogenic microorganisms

Accepted Answer

Immunity refers specifically to the ability of a host organism to recognize and defend itself against the onslaught of pathogenic microorganisms. Passive immunity refers to immunity that is acquired through the transfer of antibodies from another organism, whereas susceptibility refers to the opposite of immunity - the vulnerability of a host organism to infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Innate immunology refers to the study of the innate immune response, which is a non-specific defense mechanism that is present in all organisms.

Question 9

What is a substance that is recognized by the body as foreign and normally induces an immune response

Accepted Answer

An antigen is a substance that is recognized by the body as foreign and normally induces an immune response. This can include things like viruses, bacteria, and other foreign molecules. Antibodies, antitoxins, and agglutinins are all types of proteins that can be produced in response to exposure to an antigen, but they are not themselves antigens.

Question 10

All of the following cells are types of T lymphocytes except:

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells are not a type of T lymphocyte. They are actually a type of B lymphocyte that produces antibodies. The other options are all types of T lymphocytes.

Question 11

Adaptive immunity is _____.

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity is immunity obtained in some manner other than by heredity. This type of immunity is acquired over time as a result of being exposed to various pathogens or vaccines, and the body's immune system develops specific defense mechanisms against each one. It is different from innate immunity, which is present at birth and provides immediate, non-specific protection against a wide range of pathogens. Adaptive immunity is also known as acquired immunity or specific immunity.

Question 12

The concentration of antibody needed to bind to and neutralize an antigen is called the:

Accepted Answer

The concentration of antibody needed to bind to and neutralize an antigen is called the titer. Tolerance refers to an organism's ability to not mount an immune response to its own cells and tissues. Toxicity refers to the harmful effects of a substance on living organisms. Antitoxin refers to antibodies that specifically target toxins produced by certain bacteria.

Question 13

What is the site where stem cells develop into B lymphocyte in humans

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes develop from stem cells in the bone marrow.

Question 14

Programmed cell death is also known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death is also known as apoptosis. Necrosis is not a programmed process, but rather a result of injury or disease. Mitosis and meiosis are cell division processes that do not involve cell death.

Question 15

Immunity that is mediated by antibodies is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are produced by B cells, which are a type of lymphocyte. Humoral immunity refers to the immunity provided by secreted antibodies.

Question 16

Cells that are neither T nor B cells,but function to non-specifically kill cells infected by viruses are called:

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of lymphocyte that can non-specifically kill cells infected by viruses. Unlike T and B cells, NK cells do not require prior exposure to specific antigens to function.

Question 17

Antigens are found on:

Accepted Answer

Antigens are found on both human cells and on pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, making option D correct. They are not found on antibodies; instead, antibodies recognize and bind to antigens.

Question 18

Both humoral and cellular immunity share the following attributes except:

Accepted Answer

Both humoral and cellular immunity are part of the adaptive immune response and share the attributes of distinguishing self from non-self, specificity, and memory. However, they are not the first-line of defense as that is the role of the innate immune system.

Question 19

An area on an antigen molecule to which an antibody molecule binds.

Accepted Answer

An epitope or antigenic determinant is the specific region on an antigen molecule to which an antibody molecule binds. The Fc fragment is the tail region of an antibody molecule, while the Fab fragment is the region that binds to the antigen. Therefore, choice C is incorrect.

Question 20

Most antigens are _____.

Accepted Answer

Antigens are typically large and complex molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, or lipids. They are able to provoke an immune response in the body.

Quiz 18: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization