Question 1

What is the term for the system of economic and social organization that included a central farm owned by the landlord and small land holdings for a class of bonded farm labourers?

Accepted Answer

Feudalism is the term for the system of economic and social organization that included a central farm owned by the landlord and small land holdings for a class of bonded farm labourers.

Question 2

Which of the following statements exemplifies the argument that laws alone cannot always control behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The statement that transnational corporations can pressure governments to be exempt from certain laws and regulations exemplifies the argument that laws alone cannot always control behavior, as it suggests that powerful entities can circumvent or influence the enforcement of laws. The other statements do not directly relate to the limitations of laws in controlling behavior.

Question 3

Under capitalism,which of the following was used to maintain social relationships?

Accepted Answer

Under capitalism, contracts became a primary means of maintaining social relationships, especially in the context of business and property. Contracts are legal agreements that outline the terms of exchanges or activities, replacing more traditional forms of social cohesion like customs or kinship in many aspects of economic life.

Question 4

What is the principal instrument used by the state to regulate human activity,ensure social order,and prevent,control,and resolve disputes in modern societies?

Accepted Answer

Laws and legislation are the principal instruments used by the state to regulate human activity, ensure social order, and prevent, control, and resolve disputes in modern societies. They establish the rules and standards that people are expected to follow, and provide a framework for resolving conflicts and punishing those who break the law. The restorative justice system, army, and Crown prosecutors are all important components of the justice system, but they are not the principal instrument used by the state to regulate human activity.

Question 5

What is the term for a political system in an aboriginal culture that is similar to a kingdom and brings together a number of partly autonomous villages or communities under the hierarchical rule of one person?

Accepted Answer

The term for this type of political system in an aboriginal culture is paramount chieftain, as it involves a hierarchical rule by one person over multiple partially autonomous communities. The other options, such as advisor or mediator, do not accurately describe this type of political structure.

Question 6

Which of the following best represents the implications of powerful transnational corporations?

Accepted Answer

Powerful transnational corporations often have more resources and influence than many states, especially smaller or poorer ones. They can use their economic power to influence government policy and regulations, often in their own favor. This can decrease the power of the state to regulate and protect its citizens.

Question 7

The growing importance of legal contracts,lawyers,and laws against theft and embezzlement were all the result of the emergence of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The emergence of capitalism and a merchant class led to a greater emphasis on property rights and the need for legal protection against theft and embezzlement, as well as the use of contracts to solidify agreements and transactions. This shift towards a market-based economy created a need for laws and legal professionals to help facilitate and regulate business dealings.

Question 8

Which of the following was the economic foundation of the feudal system?

Accepted Answer

The feudal system was primarily based on agriculture and the cultivation of land by serfs who were bound to their lords. This provided the economic foundation for the system as lords would provide protection to the serfs in exchange for labor and a portion of the crops produced.

Question 9

During the reign of Henry VIII,which of the following was true of the state?

Accepted Answer

During the reign of Henry VIII, the state was largely controlled by the king with support from the merchant class. This was evidenced by the growth of trade and commerce during his reign and the increasing power of the monarchy over formerly independent institutions such as the church and local government. While members of the nobility were certainly a part of the government, they were not the dominant force.

Question 10

Max Weber saw power as the ability to realize one's goals despite resistance from others.Which of the following best characterizes power in small-scale societies compared to more modern,complex societies?

Accepted Answer

In small-scale societies, power is often based on personal relationships and social status rather than formal institutions. Decisions are often made collectively, and power is not concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or institutions.

Question 11

According to Reasons (1981),the Ford Pinto design problem was an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Reasons (1981),the Ford Pinto design...

Question 12

Which of the following was the main function of the Black Act of 1723?

Accepted Answer

The Black Act of 1723 expanded the concept of theft to cover new situations, such as hunting and poaching on private property. It established incredibly harsh punishments, such as public execution, transportation, and branding, for those found guilty of these crimes.

Question 13

In the modern industrial state,which of the following is NOT regulated by law?

Accepted Answer

In modern industrial states, religion is typically protected by law through provisions for freedom of religion and non-discrimination on the basis of religion. However, this may vary depending on the country and its legal system. Property, real estate, and commerce are all heavily regulated by law in modern industrial states to ensure fair competition, protection of consumer rights, and prevention of fraud or exploitation.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes common law?

Accepted Answer

Common law refers to the body of law developed through judicial decisions, rather than through legislative statutes or executive actions. It is based on the principle of stare decisis, which means that courts follow the reasoning and precedents of earlier court decisions when deciding similar cases. Common law is available to all individuals, regardless of nationality or social status.

Question 15

Which of the following was an important consequence that followed the consolidation of power by lords in England?

Accepted Answer

With the concentration of power in the hands of lords in England, there was a need to develop a body of law to deal with disputes that arose. This led to the development of common law, which formed the basis of the English legal system.

Question 16

In the early feudal era in England,how were serious disputes typically settled?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the early feudal era in England,how...

Question 17

Norman kings saw themselves as the injured party when a crime was committed because the harm was against their peace.What was the implication of this development for the future of dispute settlement in western societies?

Accepted Answer

The implication of the Norman kings seeing themselves as the injured party when a crime was committed was that it eventually led to the state taking on more responsibility over harms committed by one individual against another. This became the basis for criminal law in western societies and marked a shift away from private vengeance to state-sanctioned punishment. Contract and tort laws emerged as well, but they were not a direct result of this development. Lords being recruited to deal with crime on their properties and placing greater responsibility on families to punish members that committed harms against other families were not major developments in the future of dispute settlement in western societies.

Question 18

When Karl Marx coined the term "bourgeois class" he was referring to which of the following social groups?

Accepted Answer

When Marx used the term "bourgeois class," he was referring specifically to the capitalist ruling class, who owned and controlled the means of production and exploited the labor of the working class. Farmers, serfs, and feudal lords were not typically considered part of the bourgeoisie, although they may have played different roles in the economic systems of their respective societies.

Question 19

Under Anglo-Saxon law,who could be paid a fee as compensation for the rape of a woman?

Accepted Answer

Under Anglo-Saxon law, if a woman was raped, her husband or father could be paid a fee as compensation rather than the victim herself. This was because women were considered the property of their husbands or fathers, and rape was seen as a violation of their property rights.

Question 20

Analyses of the history of rape legislation indicate that rape laws were first enacted to protect the interests of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Historical analyses suggest that rape laws were first put in place to protect the interests of the male relatives of the rape victim, such as her father or husband, who saw the rape as a violation of their ownership over her. These laws were not necessarily enacted to protect the physical or emotional well-being of the rape victim herself.

Quiz 2: The Social Context of Dispute Settlement and the Rise of Law