Question 1

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the phenomenon of social loafing?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is the phenomenon where individuals tend to exert less effort on a task when working in a group, as they feel their contribution may not be as noticeable or important compared to working individually. Exerting minimal effort on a group project is the best example of social loafing among the given scenarios.

Question 2

Four members of a TV show production staff agree that they should record "audience reactions" to the show (i.e.,the sound of applause and laughter sometimes played during shows).However,they disagree on which strategy to use to get the loudest applause.Given what you've learned in this chapter,which of the following would result in the loudest applause?

Accepted Answer

Brenda's plan results in a recording of 50 people's responses, which is the largest group and would likely produce the loudest applause when combined.

Question 3

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the factors that encourage social loafing among groups instead of social facilitation effects?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing occurs when members of a group believe that their effort is not necessary for the success of the group and that individual contributions cannot be assessed. Evaluation apprehension (B) may actually increase social facilitation effects as members try to perform well in front of others. The ability to evaluate what members are contributing to a task (A) can also increase social facilitation effects by holding members accountable for their contributions. The expertise of individual members (D) can also influence the level of social loafing, but it is not the most accurate factor that encourages social loafing among groups.

Question 4

Norman Triplett (1898)conducted what is widely regarded as social psychology's first experiment.He found that children tended to perform a relatively easy task better while in the presence of another child doing the same task.This finding set the stage for research on

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett's experiment laid the groundwork for the study of social facilitation, which refers to the tendency for people to perform better on tasks in the presence of others than they would alone. This is the most closely related concept to Triplett's original findings. Social loafing, groupthink, and dissonance are distinct phenomena in social psychology that are not directly related to Triplett's experiment.

Question 5

Research on social ________ suggests that performance ________when novel tasks are performed in the presence of others.

Accepted Answer

Research on social facilitation indicates that performance on novel or complex tasks tends to suffer when performed in the presence of others, as opposed to simple or well-learned tasks where performance might improve.

Question 6

Kari is practicing lines for a school play.According to the research reviewed in the textbook,under what conditions will the presence of others detract from her ability to learn the lines?

Accepted Answer

The presence of others would distract Kari if the task is difficult for her, according to the research reviewed in the textbook. This is because the presence of others can create a sense of pressure and self-consciousness, which can interfere with cognitive processing and memory retention. If Kari finds the task easy, she may not be affected as much by the presence of others, and if she knows the lines well, she may not need to rely on cognitive processing and memory as much. However, if the task is difficult, the presence of others may cause her to be more self-conscious and distracted, leading to a decrease in performance.

Question 7

Michael is exceptionally good at Ping-Pong.According to research on social facilitation,when good players such as Michael know they are being watched while they play,they perform ________ they are being watched.

Accepted Answer

According to research on social facilitation, the presence of observers can enhance the performance of well-learned, dominant responses. In this case, Michael is a good player and when he knows he is being watched, he will perform better than good players who do not know they are being watched.

Question 8

Evaluation apprehension can ________ a task,and thereby leads to more pronounced social facilitation effects.

Accepted Answer

Evaluation apprehension refers to the concern about how others are evaluating us. This can increase our level of arousal during a task, which can lead to more pronounced social facilitation effects. Therefore, the correct choice is C, which states that evaluation apprehension can increase how aroused we are during a task. The other choices (A and B) are not accurate as they relate to the amount of positivity we put into a task, which is not directly influenced by evaluation apprehension. Choice D is also incorrect as evaluation apprehension is likely to increase, rather than decrease, our level of arousal during a task.

Question 9

Zajonc and colleagues (1969)found that the mere presence of others tends to facilitate performance ________,but to hinder performance ________.

Accepted Answer

Zajonc and colleagues (1969) found that the mere presence of others tends to facilitate performance on well-learned tasks but to hinder performance on novel tasks, due to increased arousal.

Question 10

According to the textbook,which of the following statements most accurately defines groups?

Accepted Answer

The textbook defines groups as having varying degrees of "groupness" based on the level of interdependence between members. This means that the more interdependent members are, the more they function as a group. Option A is incorrect because while people may have an intuitive understanding of groups, the textbook provides a more nuanced definition. Option C is incorrect because merely sharing a common space does not make a group. Option D is incorrect because the size of a group does not determine its "groupness."

Question 11

According to the textbook,which of the following statements about group living is correct?

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that group living provided human ancestors with protection from predators, efficiency in acquiring food, and assistance with child rearing.

Question 12

Jason is getting ready to give the first lecture of his teaching career.As he steps up to the podium and looks out at the lecture hall,he is struck by the fear that he will appear incompetent in front of his students.Jason is experiencing

Accepted Answer

Evaluation apprehension refers to the fear of being evaluated negatively by others. In this scenario, Jason is worried about appearing incompetent in front of his students, indicating his fear of being negatively evaluated by them. Social facilitation refers to the phenomenon where people perform better on familiar tasks in the presence of others, deindividuation refers to the loss of self-awareness and individual identity in group situations, and groupthink refers to the tendency of a group to prioritize consensus over critical thinking. None of these concepts accurately describe Jason's situation.

Question 13

Research on social facilitation warrants some practical advice.All of the following recommendations are supported by this research EXCEPT when

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation research suggests that the presence of others can improve performance on simple or well-learned tasks but can hinder performance on complex or new tasks. Therefore, reviewing material already learned (a well-learned task) could actually benefit from being in a study group, contrary to the suggestion in option B.

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios best captures the definition of a group,as described in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, a group is "two or more individuals who are connected by and within social relationships" and who "influence one another" (p. 88). In scenario C, the people are making a decision together and likely influencing one another to come to a collective solution, which aligns with the textbook's definition of a group. The other scenarios involve people who may be physically together but are not necessarily connected by social relationships or influencing one another in a meaningful way.

Question 15

Tom finds solving math problems easy.According to the research reviewed in the textbook,when Tom solves math problems in the presence of others (as opposed to alone),his

Accepted Answer

According to the research reviewed in the textbook, the presence of others can lead to increased arousal and motivation, which can improve performance on tasks such as solving math problems. This is known as social facilitation. Therefore, Tom's performance is likely to improve in the presence of others.

Question 16

In which of the following situations can the presence of others mask the typical social facilitation effects?

Accepted Answer

All of the situations listed involve the presence of others having a unique influence that can mask or alter typical social facilitation effects. In situation A, the norm against being a "rate buster" discourages too much effort in the presence of others. In situation B, the social pressure to conform to racial expectations can lead to less effort being put forth. In situation C, the desire to conform to gender expectations can result in less effort on tasks seen as childish.

Question 17

Imagine you are playing a video game when five strangers arrive to watch you.According to Robert Zajonc's work on social facilitation,the ________ created by the presence of these strangers would impair your performance if you ________ this particular video game.

Accepted Answer

According to Robert Zajonc's work on social facilitation, the presence of others can create arousal, which can enhance performance on tasks that are well known or easy. However, the same arousal can impair performance on tasks that are difficult or unfamiliar, as the individual becomes more distracted by the presence of others. Therefore, in this scenario, the arousal created by the presence of the strangers would impair performance if the individual is unfamiliar with the particular video game being played.

Question 18

In which of the following scenarios is social loafing most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is more likely to occur when individual contributions are not easily identifiable, and the task itself may not be important to the individual. Moving furniture with a group of friends is a task where contributions may not be easily identifiable, and the outcome may not be very important to the individual.

Question 19

Recall that Zajonc and colleagues (1969)placed cockroaches in either a complex maze or a simple maze.They created three other conditions as well.Any given cockroach was induced to navigate the maze (a)entirely alone; (b)in the presence of an "audience" of cockroaches; or (c)simultaneously with another cockroach (but without an audience).The audience condition (b)permitted Zajonc to demonstrate whether

Accepted Answer

The audience condition (b) allowed Zajonc to test the idea that the mere presence of others can facilitate or hinder performance. This is known as social facilitation theory. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 20

According to the textbook,which of the following statements is NOT among the reasons evolutionary psychologist believe that humans developed a psychological need to be with others and belong?

Accepted Answer

The textbook does not mention socializing as a reason for why humans developed a need to be with others and belong. Instead, the reasons listed are protection from predators, increased efficiency in finding and sharing food, and increased protection from hostile aggression.

Quiz 12: Groups

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the phenomenon of social loafing?

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the factors that encourage social loafing among groups instead of social facilitation effects?

Norman Triplett (1898) conducted what is widely regarded as social psychology's first experiment.He found that children tended to perform a relatively easy task better while in the presence of another child doing the same task.This finding set the stage for research on

Research on social suggests that performance when novel tasks are performed in the presence of others.

Kari is practicing lines for a school play.According to the research reviewed in the textbook,under what conditions will the presence of others detract from her ability to learn the lines?

Michael is exceptionally good at Ping-Pong.According to research on social facilitation,when good players such as Michael know they are being watched while they play,they perform ________ they are being watched.

Evaluation apprehension can ________ a task,and thereby leads to more pronounced social facilitation effects.

Zajonc and colleagues (1969) found that the mere presence of others tends to facilitate performance ,but to hinder performance .

According to the textbook,which of the following statements most accurately defines groups?

According to the textbook,which of the following statements about group living is correct?

Jason is getting ready to give the first lecture of his teaching career.As he steps up to the podium and looks out at the lecture hall,he is struck by the fear that he will appear incompetent in front of his students.Jason is experiencing

Research on social facilitation warrants some practical advice.All of the following recommendations are supported by this research EXCEPT when

Which of the following scenarios best captures the definition of a group,as described in the textbook?

Tom finds solving math problems easy.According to the research reviewed in the textbook,when Tom solves math problems in the presence of others (as opposed to alone) ,his

In which of the following situations can the presence of others mask the typical social facilitation effects?

Imagine you are playing a video game when five strangers arrive to watch you.According to Robert Zajonc's work on social facilitation,the created by the presence of these strangers would impair your performance if you this particular video game.

In which of the following scenarios is social loafing most likely to occur?

According to the textbook,which of the following statements is NOT among the reasons evolutionary psychologist believe that humans developed a psychological need to be with others and belong?

Quiz 12: Groups

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the phenomenon of social loafing?

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the factors that encourage social loafing among groups instead of social facilitation effects?

Norman Triplett (1898) conducted what is widely regarded as social psychology's first experiment.He found that children tended to perform a relatively easy task better while in the presence of another child doing the same task.This finding set the stage for research on

Research on social ________ suggests that performance ________when novel tasks are performed in the presence of others.

Kari is practicing lines for a school play.According to the research reviewed in the textbook,under what conditions will the presence of others detract from her ability to learn the lines?

Michael is exceptionally good at Ping-Pong.According to research on social facilitation,when good players such as Michael know they are being watched while they play,they perform ________ they are being watched.

Evaluation apprehension can ________ a task,and thereby leads to more pronounced social facilitation effects.

Zajonc and colleagues (1969) found that the mere presence of others tends to facilitate performance ________,but to hinder performance ________.

According to the textbook,which of the following statements most accurately defines groups?

According to the textbook,which of the following statements about group living is correct?

Jason is getting ready to give the first lecture of his teaching career.As he steps up to the podium and looks out at the lecture hall,he is struck by the fear that he will appear incompetent in front of his students.Jason is experiencing

Research on social facilitation warrants some practical advice.All of the following recommendations are supported by this research EXCEPT when

Which of the following scenarios best captures the definition of a group,as described in the textbook?

Tom finds solving math problems easy.According to the research reviewed in the textbook,when Tom solves math problems in the presence of others (as opposed to alone) ,his

In which of the following situations can the presence of others mask the typical social facilitation effects?

Imagine you are playing a video game when five strangers arrive to watch you.According to Robert Zajonc's work on social facilitation,the ________ created by the presence of these strangers would impair your performance if you ________ this particular video game.

In which of the following scenarios is social loafing most likely to occur?

According to the textbook,which of the following statements is NOT among the reasons evolutionary psychologist believe that humans developed a psychological need to be with others and belong?

Research on social suggests that performance when novel tasks are performed in the presence of others.

Zajonc and colleagues (1969) found that the mere presence of others tends to facilitate performance ,but to hinder performance .

Imagine you are playing a video game when five strangers arrive to watch you.According to Robert Zajonc's work on social facilitation,the created by the presence of these strangers would impair your performance if you this particular video game.