Question 1

Rachel is walking in the woods and feels a sudden pain in the back of her neck.Due to the nature of the pain she recognizes that she has been stung by a bee.In this scenario,which of the following processes has most likely helped her identify the source of her pain?

Accepted Answer

Perception is the process of interpreting sensory information and giving meaning to it. In this case, Rachel recognized the nature of the pain and was able to identify that she had been stung by a bee. This demonstrates perceptual processing of sensory information. Photoreception refers specifically to the detection of light, and is not relevant to this scenario. Incubation refers to the process of a virus or bacteria multiplying inside a host, and is not relevant to this scenario. Transduction refers to the conversion of one form of energy to another, such as the conversion of a sound wave into a neural signal, and is not directly relevant to this scenario.

Question 2

The process of receiving stimulus energy from the environment and transforming it into neural energy is called

Accepted Answer

Sensation is the process of receiving stimulus energy from the environment through our sensory organs such as eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. It is the first step in processing the information and involves converting physical energy from the environment into neural signals that can be interpreted by the brain. The other options are not involved in this initial process of sensory input reception. Consciousness refers to the state of awareness of one's surroundings, thoughts, and emotions. Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information into meaningful experiences, and cognition refers to mental processes such as thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of sensory receptors?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Which of the following receptors is most activated when a person is watching a silent movie?

Accepted Answer

The only receptor that can detect visual stimuli, such as those present in a silent movie, are photoreceptors. Thermoreceptors detect changes in temperature, chemoreceptors detect chemical stimuli, and mechanoreceptors detect mechanical stimuli such as touch or pressure.

Question 5

Jimmy hears an insect buzzing in front of him.He locates the insect and decides to swat it with a rolled up magazine.In this scenario,Jimmy's decision to swat the fly is a result of

Accepted Answer

Jimmy's decision to swat the insect with a rolled-up magazine is based on the bottom-up processing, which refers to the processing of information based on incoming sensory signals from the environment. In this case, the buzzing sound of the insect was perceived by Jimmy's auditory system, and the visual system located the insect which gave him the information to make a decision to swat the insect. The decision was based on the bottom-up processing, which is a data-driven processing to determine a response to a stimulus.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of sensation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Question 7

When shopping for their brother,Jack and James are presented with a red shirt by the sales person.While Jack likes the shirt,James dislikes the shirt.In this scenario,even though the color of the shirt is the same,Jack and James disagree because of differences in their _____ of the shirt.

Accepted Answer

Perception refers to the interpretation of sensory information, which includes not only the information itself but also our experiences, expectations, and attitudes. In this scenario, Jack and James have different perceptions of the shirt, with Jack liking it and James disliking it, likely based on their personal opinions and preferences. Sensation refers to the raw sensory information that comes from external stimuli, which is not enough to explain the disagreement between Jack and James. Transduction refers to the conversion of sensory information into neural signals, which is not relevant to this scenario. Definition refers to the meaning of a word or concept, and is not directly related to the disagreement between Jack and James.

Question 8

In the context of sensation and perception,the detection of pressure by sensory receptors is called

Accepted Answer

Mechanoreception involves the detection of pressure, vibration, and movement through sensory receptors in the skin, muscles, and joints. Thermoreception is the detection of temperature, chemoreception is the detection of chemicals such as taste and smell, and photoreception is the detection of light by the eyes.

Question 9

In psychology,the process of organizing and interpreting incoming sensory information is called

Accepted Answer

Perception refers to the process by which we organize and interpret sensory information to give it meaning and make sense of the world around us. Sensation, on the other hand, refers to the process of detecting and receiving information from our sensory organs. Awareness and arousal are related to our overall state of consciousness and level of alertness, but they are not specifically related to the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.

Question 10

Lionel steps on a jellyfish as he walks barefoot on the beach.At the moment of contact,the physical pain he experiences most accurately exemplifies

Accepted Answer

Sensation refers to the immediate response of our sensory receptors to basic stimuli such as light, sound, odor, texture, or even pain. In this case, the jellyfish sting activates Lionel's pain receptors, triggering a sensation of pain that is felt in the present moment.

Question 11

Jeremy decides to watch a documentary on sensation and perception.He learns that the two processes of sensation and perception are essentially inseparable.In this scenario,Jeremy has used

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up processing, also known as data-driven processing, is the process by which the brain takes in individual sensory stimuli and uses them to construct a perceptual experience. This is exactly what Jeremy is doing while watching the documentary on sensation and perception because he is taking in the sensory information provided by the documentary to construct his own understanding of the topic.

Question 12

In the context of sensory receptors,the intensity of the stimulus is communicated to the brain by varying the _____ of the action potential sent to the brain.

Accepted Answer

The intensity of the stimulus is communicated to the brain by varying the frequency of the action potential sent along the sensory neuron. The stronger the stimulus, the higher the frequency of the action potential.

Question 13

In the context of sensation and perception,specialized cells that detect stimulus information and transmit it to afferent nerves and the brain are called

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptors are specialized cells that detect stimulus information and transmit it to afferent nerves and the brain. They are responsible for transducing specific stimuli (such as light, sound, touch, or chemical signals) into neural signals that can be interpreted by the brain. Ganglion cells are a type of neuron found in the retina, while sensory effectors and barrier cells are not commonly used terms in this context.

Question 14

Teresa,a young woman,sees words in colors and sees shapes whenever she hears a sound.In the context of sensory receptors and the brain,Teresa's experiences best illustrate the phenomenon of

Accepted Answer

Teresa's experiences are consistent with synaesthesia, a phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second pathway. In this case, her perception of colors is being triggered by her experience of reading words, while her experience of shapes is linked to her auditory processing of sound.

Question 15

Robert loves watching action films.While watching an old action film,he notices that he may have already watched that film.He confirms this by predicting the sequence of events in the movie.In this scenario,Robert is using

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing involves using prior knowledge and expectations to interpret incoming sensory information. In this scenario, Robert is able to predict the sequence of events in the movie because he has already seen it before and can use his prior knowledge to make those predictions. This is an example of top-down processing.

Question 16

As Mike gets up to go to his kitchen,the lights go out.Despite not being able to see in his house,he is still able to go to his kitchen.In this scenario,Mike's ability to use his knowledge of the layout of his house to find his way is an example of

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing refers to the use of prior knowledge and expectations to guide perception and interpretation of sensory information. In this scenario, Mike's knowledge of the layout of his house allows him to navigate to his kitchen despite the lack of visual information. This is an example of top-down processing.

Question 17

In the context of sensation,which of the following receptors is most activated when a person is tickled?

Accepted Answer

Mechanoreceptors are responsible for detecting physical stimuli such as pressure, stretch, and vibration. Tickling involves the application of light, yet rapid pressure to the skin, stimulating specific mechanoreceptors called Meissner's corpuscles, which respond to light touch. Therefore, the most activated receptors during tickling are mechanoreceptors.

Question 18

Which of the following sensory processes is most activated when a person is listening to a song?

Accepted Answer

Listening to a song primarily involves the sensory process of mechanoreception, which is the ability to sense mechanical stimuli such as sound waves.

Question 19

In the context of perception,_____ processing involves starting with a sense of what is happening and then applying that framework to incoming information from the world.

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing involves using preexisting knowledge or expectations to interpret incoming sensory information. It starts with a sense of what is happening and uses that framework to make sense of new stimuli. This contrasts with bottom-up processing, which starts with the features of the incoming stimuli and builds up to a perception of the whole.

Question 20

The factor that differentiates top-down processing from bottom-up processing is that top-down processing

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing begins with cognitive processing in the brain, such as using prior knowledge or schemas to interpret incoming sensory information, whereas bottom-up processing starts with the external world and the raw sensory information. Therefore, A is the correct choice. B is incorrect because bottom-up processing begins with the external world, not top-down processing. C is a broad statement that can apply to both top-down and bottom-up processing. D is incorrect because top-down processing can occur even in the absence of a stimulus, such as when someone imagines or remembers something.

Quiz 4: Sensation and Perception