Question 1

Research suggests that cooperative food sharing is found in cultures:

Accepted Answer

Cooperative food sharing is more commonly found in cultures where resource availability is highly variable. In such cultures, individuals may not have access to food on a consistent basis and therefore, sharing food helps to ensure that everyone in the group has access to the necessary resources. This is supported by research on foraging societies, where food sharing is a common practice. In contrast, in cultures where resource availability is less variable, such as industrialized societies, cooperative food sharing may be less common.

Question 2

Children in uncertain and unpredictable environments are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Children in uncertain and unpredictable environments are more likely to pursue short-term mating strategies as they may not feel that they have the resources to invest in a long-term relationship. This allows them to maximize their chances of reproducing and passing on their genes.

Question 3

Keith,a businessperson,says a silent prayer before meeting his clients.His father,who believed that praying before an important event brings good luck,taught him the prayer.Keith also started believing that praying brings good fortune and prosperity.This scenario most likely exemplifies _____.

Accepted Answer

The scenario exemplifies transmitted culture, as Keith learned the practice of praying before an important event from his father, who belongs to the same cultural group.

Question 4

In the context of evoked cooperation,cooperative sharing is most likely evoked:

Accepted Answer

Cooperative sharing is most likely evoked by an environmental condition of high food variance as this creates a situation where individuals are more likely to rely on others for resources, leading to increased interdependence and cooperation. This has been observed in various species, including humans and primates, in which cooperative sharing is more commonly observed in environments with greater unpredictability and variability in food availability.

Question 5

People who live in extremely hot desert climates wear lightweight,loose robes,and large-brimmed hats.This best exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

The clothing and accessories worn by people in extremely hot desert climates are examples of evoked culture, meaning they are responses to environmental conditions that are specific to that area. The lightweight, loose robes and large-brimmed hats help protect individuals from the sun's intense heat and radiation. This is not an example of transmitted culture, which refers to the passing down of cultural knowledge and values from one generation to the next. It is also not an example of cultural universals, which are common features found across many different cultures. Elicited culture refers to responses to universal needs or stresses, whereas the clothing choice for desert climates is specific to the environment, making C the best choice.

Question 6

High-variance conditions are most associated with:

Accepted Answer

The answer of High-variance conditions are most associated with:
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Question 7

Evoked cooperation is usually a result of _____ conditions in an environment.

Accepted Answer

Evoked cooperation typically arises in environments with high variance, where resources are unpredictable and cooperation can help manage risks and ensure survival.

Question 8

In the context of early experience and evoked mating strategies,children growing up in stable homes with parents who predictably invest in their welfare _____.

Accepted Answer

Children growing up in stable homes with parents who predictably invest in their welfare are more likely to opt for a long-term mating strategy. This is because they have experienced the benefits of a stable and nurturing relationship which they seek to replicate in their own relationships. They are less likely to be attracted to impulsive and low-investing mates and seek multiple partners. The timing of puberty is not directly related to the stability of the home environment.

Question 9

Among lowland Yanomamö men,one of the least desirable personality characteristics is:

Accepted Answer

Among the Yanomamö, a group indigenous to the Amazon rainforest, bravery and physical prowess are highly valued traits. Cowardice is seen as one of the least desirable characteristics because it contradicts the cultural emphasis on strength and courage.

Question 10

In the context of early experience and evoked mating strategies,Jay Belsky and his colleagues argue that harsh,rejecting,and inconsistent child-rearing practices,erratically provided resources,and marital discord _____.

Accepted Answer

Belsky and his colleagues argue that harsh, rejecting, and inconsistent child-rearing practices, erratically provided resources, and marital discord are associated with a faster life-history strategy, which includes early reproduction and a preference for short-term mating opportunities. Therefore, these experiences would foster a mating strategy marked by early reproduction.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the key goals of cultural personality psychology?

Accepted Answer

While cultural personality psychology certainly aims to understand human diversity and the impact of culture on psychological processes, its main goal is not to simply discover how individual humans differ. Rather, it seeks to uncover the shared patterns and principles underlying these individual differences across different cultures.

Question 12

Tooby and Cosmides (1992)define cultural variations as within-group:

Accepted Answer

Tooby and Cosmides (1992) define cultural variations as both similarities within groups and differences between groups. Therefore, option B, which includes both within-group similarities and between-group differences, is the best answer. Option A only includes within-group similarities and does not account for differences between groups, while options C and D only include differences and do not account for within-group similarities.

Question 13

Egalitarianism is associated with:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Egalitarianism is associated with:
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Question 14

In the context of the three major approaches to culture,which of the following is a key characteristic of transmitted culture?

Accepted Answer

Transmitted culture refers to the cultural elements such as language, beliefs, values, and norms that are transmitted from one generation to another through social interaction. Therefore, the transfer of beliefs from one person's mind to another through interaction is a key characteristic of transmitted culture.

Question 15

People in the country of Octavia believe that lighting ten candles every night wards off evil spirits.However,people in the country of Bodonia do not believe in evil spirits and light candles to mark celebrations.This scenario best exemplifies _____.

Accepted Answer

The scenario presents a clear difference in beliefs and practices between two countries, indicating cultural variations.

Question 16

Cultural universals constitute the _____ level of analyzing personality.

Accepted Answer

Cultural universals refer to common patterns and traits that can be found in all cultures around the world. They reflect fundamental aspects of human nature and are therefore relevant to understanding personality at the broadest level. Choices B, C, and D all deal with more specific levels of analysis, such as individual or group differences, which are not as universally applicable.

Question 17

According to Nisbett (1993),which of the following is a key feature of groups that develop a culture of honor?

Accepted Answer

According to Nisbett (1993), a key feature of groups that develop a culture of honor is that they view insults as highly offensive public challenges. This means that individuals in these groups are expected to respond aggressively to any perceived insult in order to restore their reputation and honor. Other features of a culture of honor include valuing toughness, bravery, and physical strength.

Question 18

Environmental conditions are mostly responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Evoked culture refers to cultural behaviors that are triggered by environmental factors such as climate, geography, and resource availability. Culture is not solely transmitted through social learning or universally shared across all societies, but rather is influenced by the specific context in which a society exists.

Question 19

In the context of the three major approaches to culture,which of the following is a salient feature of evoked culture?

Accepted Answer

The salient feature of evoked culture is that it is created by differing environmental conditions activating a predictable set of responses. This means that specific cultural behaviors and beliefs are triggered by certain environmental cues and are evoked consistently across a group of people, rather than being transmitted through social interaction or elicited by shared similarities.

Question 20

Bulky clothes that people in far northern cultures often wear is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The bulky clothes worn by people in far northern cultures are an example of evoked culture. Evoked culture refers to cultural behaviors that are triggered by specific environmental circumstances, such as the need to stay warm in cold climates. This is distinct from transmitted culture, which is learned socially and passed down through generations, and cultural universals, which are features found in almost all cultures. A culture of honor is a type of transmitted culture, characterized by a strong emphasis on reputation and respect.

Quiz 17: Culture and Personality