Question 1

Anarchy is the social condition that exists when

Accepted Answer

Anarchy is a state of lawlessness and chaos that arises when there is widespread underconformity or noncompliance with laws and social norms, leading to a breakdown of societal order and control.

Question 2

When using a constructionist approach, deviance is defined as ideas, traits, and actions that

Accepted Answer

According to the constructionist approach, deviance is not an inherent characteristic of an action or trait, but rather it is defined by the socially constructed norms and values of a particular society. Therefore, deviance is determined by whether or not an idea, trait, or action falls outside of those normative boundaries established by that society. Choices A, B, and D are not accurate descriptions of how deviance is defined according to this approach.

Question 3

One of the reasons that it is difficult to study deviance in sports is that much of it involves actions grounded in

Accepted Answer

The difficulty in studying deviance in sports often stems from the fact that it involves actions where individuals are not merely breaking norms, but are instead accepting and overconforming to the norms within sport cultures. This overconformity can lead to extreme behaviors that are considered deviant outside the context of sports but are normalized within it.

Question 4

As the term is used by sociologists, deviance

Accepted Answer

The answer of As the term is used by sociologists,...

Question 5

People using an absolutist approach tend to

Accepted Answer

People using an absolutist approach believe that there are fixed and objective rules that people must follow, and deviance is seen as the result of individual moral failure or deficiency. They place the responsibility for deviant behavior on the person who engages in it, rather than considering wider social or structural factors.

Question 6

According to an absolutist approach to studying deviance

Accepted Answer

Absolutism asserts that deviance is caused by a lack of moral character or a moral failure. This means that individuals who engage in deviant behavior are seen as inherently immoral or flawed. Absolutists do not see any variation in norms or cultural context as an explanation for deviance, and they believe that punishment is necessary to deter deviant behavior.

Question 7

It has become difficult to determine what actions are deviant and what actions are accepted parts of athletic training today because

Accepted Answer

The answer of It has become difficult to determine what...

Question 8

According to a constructionist approach, the process of negotiating normative boundaries is influenced by

Accepted Answer

The constructionist approach emphasizes the idea that social norms and boundaries are constantly being negotiated and constructed through social interactions. Power dynamics, such as social hierarchies, play a significant role in shaping these negotiations as individuals or groups in positions of power may have greater influence over what is considered "normal" or "deviant" behavior.

Question 9

When two college basketball players turn their back to the U.S.flag during the playing of the national anthem, they

Accepted Answer

Turning their back to the U.S. flag during the national anthem is considered a violation of an informal norm, which is a generally understood but not legally enforced expectation or rule of behavior in society.

Question 10

Deviance may involve underconformity or overconformity to norms.The author explains that deviance involving underconformity consists of ideas, traits, or actions that

Accepted Answer

Deviance involving underconformity refers to behaviors that go against social norms, which may be seen as subnormal or abnormal. It does not necessarily entail inherent evil or lead to fascism, nor are they necessarily just related to religious beliefs.

Question 11

Studying deviance in sports presents problems in that

Accepted Answer

Actions that are considered normal or even encouraged in sports, such as aggressive behavior or rule-breaking, may be considered deviant outside of the context of sports. Therefore, studying deviance in sports can be challenging as what may be considered deviant in other contexts may not be deviant in sports.

Question 12

A social constructionist approach to deviance is based on

Accepted Answer

A social constructionist approach to deviance recognizes that deviance is shaped by cultural, interactionist, and structural factors. This means that what is considered deviant can vary based on cultural norms and values, as well as interactions between individuals and societal institutions. It also acknowledges that deviance is not solely a result of individual moral deficiency, but rather a product of complex social processes.

Question 13

Research on normative overconformity suggests that if we wish to understand this form of deviance we must

Accepted Answer

Normative overconformity in elite sports cultures suggests that the culture may play a significant role in shaping an athlete's behavior. Thus, it is essential to critically examine the organization and dynamics of elite sport cultures to understand the phenomenon of normative overconformity. Studying child athletes or avoiding high injury rate sports may not provide sufficient insight into this deviance. Identifying personality defects may also not be a relevant factor in understanding the social and cultural forces that lead to this deviance.

Question 14

According to a constructionist approach, both norms and deviance are

Accepted Answer

According to a constructionist approach, norms and deviance are not predetermined or unchangeable, nor are they solely determined by judges or religious ideals. Instead, they are socially constructed and shaped through interaction between individuals and groups in a particular society. This means that what is considered deviant can vary across different contexts and cultures.

Question 15

An absolutist approach to deviance in sports is based on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

An absolutist approach to deviance in sports is based on the idea that there are unchanging moral truths that form the foundation for all norms. This means that certain actions or behaviors are deemed deviant because they go against these established moral codes. This approach assumes that these moral codes are universal and objective, rather than being socially constructed or subjective.

Question 16

A constructionist approach to deviance is based on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

The answer of A constructionist approach to deviance is based...

Question 17

When a basketball player dribbles the ball out of bounds during a game, she has

Accepted Answer

When a basketball player dribbles the ball out of bounds during a game, she has violated a formal norm, which is a rule that is formally enforced and sanctioned by an authority, such as the referees in a basketball game. This is not a personal foul or an immoral act, and it is not necessarily an example of informal deviance, which involves behavior that violates informal norms or expectations, such as wearing unconventional clothing to a formal event.

Question 18

One of the reasons that it is difficult to study deviance in sports is that

Accepted Answer

Deviance in sports can take many forms, ranging from performance-enhancing drug use to on-field violence to off-field criminal behavior. Because of this diversity, it can be difficult to study and categorize deviance in sports. Additionally, the causes of deviance in sports are complex and multifaceted, making it challenging to identify and address the underlying issues.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true about norms?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT true...

Question 20

Deviance may involve underconformity or overconformity to norms.The author explains that deviance involving overconformity is

Accepted Answer

Deviance involving overconformity is based on the unquestioned acceptance of norms, where individuals adhere to norms to an excessive degree.

Quiz 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control