Question 1

Suppose that Tundi is a middle-aged businessperson living in Ohio. Research suggests that Tundi would be MOST likely to experience social rejection by his peers if he was ____.
A) highly aggressive-routinely yelling at others and trying to pick fights
B) very different from others-physically deformed, a fervent believer in an unusual religion, and a bizarre dresser
C) lacking in intelligence-unable to perform basic mathematical calculations, and very slow to understand jokes
D) extraordinarily small and weak-a full foot shorter than anyone else for miles, and physically weaker than all of his peers

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that people who are perceived as very different from others are most likely to experience social rejection. Being physically deformed, having unusual beliefs, and dressing in a bizarre way could all contribute to Tundi being seen as different and potentially experiencing rejection from his peers.

Question 2

The following scenario is not uncommon: Several people are waiting at a crosswalk, one of them decides to cross despite a red signal, and-once that happens-everyone else does the same. This is an example not just of conformity, but also of ____.
A) reinforcement theory
B) the social allergy effect
C) the bad apple effect
D) the propinquity effect

Accepted Answer

The behavior of the first person who crosses despite the red signal can be seen as a "bad apple" that spoils the rest of the group, leading to conformity in breaking the rules. This is known as the "bad apple effect." Reinforcement theory, the social allergy effect, and the propinquity effect are not directly related to this scenario.

Question 3

Compared to others, people who identify themselves as lonely tend to ____.
A) eat well and drink moderately in anticipation of future interactions
B) cope with stress better because they can focus on the issue more
C) take longer to recover from illnesses and injuries
D) have poorer social skills

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to others, people who identify themselves...

Question 4

Suppose that Anabelle and Roger are two lonely people. Anabelle seeks to stave off loneliness by forming "relationships" with her favorite celebrities (reading about their lives in Us magazine, watching updates about them on E! Entertainment, etc.), while Roger seeks to dissipate his loneliness by spending time with his dog Fluff (buying his dog presents, taking his dog for long walks, and talking to his dog each night about his day). What does research suggest about the effectiveness of these techniques?
A) Both Anabelle and Roger should have some success in staving off loneliness.
B) Anabelle will likely have some success in staving off loneliness, but Roger will not.
C) Roger will likely have some success in staving off loneliness, but Anabelle will not.
D) Neither Anabelle nor Roger is likely to have success in staving off loneliness.

Accepted Answer

Both Anabelle and Roger are using coping mechanisms to stave off loneliness. While celebrity relationships may not provide the same level of companionship as a dog, studies have shown that even imagined social interactions can help reduce loneliness. Similarly, spending time with a pet has been shown to reduce loneliness and increase feelings of social support. Therefore, both Anabelle and Roger are likely to have some success in staving off loneliness.

Question 5

Suppose that you are competing in the Olympic games on the U.S. gymnastics team, and you find out that one of the U.S. gymnasts (Betty) and one of the French gymnasts (Beatrice) recently failed a drug test. Research suggests that you will tend to socially reject both of them. However, ____.
A) you will probably judge Betty more harshly than you will judge Beatrice
B) you will probably judge Beatrice more harshly than you will judge Betty
C) you will probably judge Betty and Beatrice equally harshly
D) you will probably judge Betty more harshly if you are a drug-user yourself, but you will judge Beatrice more harshly if you are not

Accepted Answer

You are likely to judge Betty more harshly because she is part of your in-group (the U.S. team), and people tend to hold members of their own group to higher standards.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of the bad apple effect?
A) Denny has always been a bit deviant. Since he has been deviant at many times and in many situations, he is likely to be deviant many more times and in many more situations in the future as well.
B) Tanya experiences social rejection by her peers. As a result, she begins to shoplift and vandalize buildings.
C) Fifth-grader Ursula began playing pranks on her teacher about a month ago-throwing things at him when his back was turned and making derogatory jokes at his expense. Now, the class is in mayhem because gradually, everyone else in the class began copying her.
D) Edwin is eight, and he experiences social rejection by his peers. As a result, he learns to socially reject other children as soon as he meets them.

Accepted Answer

The bad apple effect refers to the idea that one bad individual can influence the behavior of others in a group. In this scenario, Ursula's deviant behavior was copied by other classmates, leading to mayhem in the classroom.

Question 7

Compared to others, people who identify themselves as lonely tend to ____.
A) be less intelligent
B) be less attractive
C) sleep more poorly
D) have poorer social skills

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to others, people who identify themselves...

Question 8

Compared to other people, people who are lonely tend to ____.
A) possess fewer social skills in general
B) be less adept at figuring out others' emotional states
C) be less interested in having relationships with others
D) be less intelligent in general

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that loneliness can cause people to have difficulty accurately interpreting others' emotions, leading to a lack of social skills in general. However, there is no evidence to suggest that lonely people are less intelligent or less interested in having relationships with others.

Question 9

The ____ refers to the idea that one person who breaks the rules can inspire others to break the rules.
A) bad apple effect
B) social allergy effect
C) propinquity effect
D) deviant wave

Accepted Answer

The bad apple effect refers to the idea that one person who breaks the rules can inspire others to break the rules. This happens because the bad behavior of one person can lower the overall standards of the group, making it easier for others to justify their own bad behavior.

Question 10

Consider the research regarding the relationships people have with large groups or organizations (e.g., people's ties with their universities or workplaces). Can such relationships "stand in" for interpersonal relationships, such that people with these types of relationships (but no interpersonal relationships) are not necessarily lonely?
A) No, these relationships cannot "stand in" for interpersonal relationships.
B) Yes, although this tends to be true only for men.
C) Yes, although this tends to be true only for older people.
D) Yes, although this tends to be true only within individualistic cultures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the research regarding the relationships people...

Question 11

Which of the following is the least likely reason for why a child might be rejected by his or her peers?
A) Because they are aggressive
B) Because they are socially withdrawn
C) Because they are different from other children
D) Because they are physically weak or small

Accepted Answer

While physical size and strength may play a role in early childhood peer interactions, it is typically not the primary factor in rejection. Aggression, social withdrawal, and being different from other children are more commonly cited reasons for peer rejection.

Question 12

According to the social psychological definition, loneliness ____.
A) is about the quality of one's relationships-not the quantity
B) is about the quantity of one's relationships-not the quality
C) can be about the quality of one's relationships OR the quantity of one's relationships-though it tends to be about quality
D) can be about the quality of one's relationships OR the quantity of one's relationships-though it tends to be about quantity

Accepted Answer

According to the social psychological definition, loneliness can be about the quality of one's relationships or the quantity of one's relationships, but it tends to be more about the quality. This means that having a few close, meaningful relationships is more important for combating loneliness than having many superficial relationships.

Question 13

According to the text, the main reason for social rejection among adults is ____.
A) aggression
B) social deviance
C) physical weakness
D) lack of physical attractiveness

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, the main reason...

Question 14

Which of the following is the most likely reason for why a child might be socially rejected by his or her peers?
A) Because they are boring
B) Because they are physically weak or small
C) Because they are aggressive
D) Because they are not intelligent

Accepted Answer

Aggressive behavior is often a key contributor to social rejection among peers. Children who display aggressive behaviors such as hitting, pushing, or yelling are often isolated or avoided by their peers, leading to social rejection.

Question 15

Suppose that there are two winners for the Nobel Prize in Economics this year, and suppose that one of them is a professor at your university while the other is a professor somewhere else. Research suggests that you will tend to
A) judge the winner from your university more positively.
B) judge the winner from the other university more positively.
C) judge the winner from your university more positively-but only if you have extremely high self-esteem.
D) judge the winner from your university more positively-but only if you have extremely low self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of in-group favoritism, where people tend to show more positive attitudes towards members of their own group (in this case, their university). This bias is often automatic and unconscious, even if the individual is not aware of it. Therefore, the most likely scenario is that individuals will judge the winner from their university more positively.

Question 16

Suppose that University of Z is a large public university in the Midwest. Based on what you know about social rejection, which of the following University of Z students would probably be most likely to experience rejection by their peers?
A) Rachel, who is extremely irritable and gets into several fistfights every year
B) Antoine, who is a Satan-worshipper, and dresses up in a loud black panther suit every day
C) Stan, who is lacking in intelligence and failing out of all his classes
D) Kendra, who is boring and conformist, and seemingly has no personality of her own

Accepted Answer

Based on social rejection research, individuals who are perceived as deviant or outside of social norms are more likely to experience rejection from their peers. Antoine's Satan-worshipping and daily wearing of a black panther suit would likely make him stand out and be perceived as deviant, making him more vulnerable to social rejection. While Rachel's irritability and aggression may lead to some rejection, individuals who are physically aggressive may also be perceived as powerful or intimidating, which could provide some protection from rejection. Stan's lack of intelligence and academic struggles may lead to feelings of inadequacy, but may not necessarily result in social rejection from peers. Kendra's conformity may also not necessarily lead to social rejection, as conformity can provide a sense of belonging and acceptance within certain social groups.

Question 17

The so-called "bad apple" effect refers to the idea that
A) people who are socially rejected by others tend, as a result, to become increasingly deviant and nonconformist.
B) groups that consist of about twelve or more people tend to include at least one person who is a "rule-breaker."
C) people who are deviant in one situation or at one time tend to be deviant in other situations and at other times as well.
D) one person who breaks the rules can inspire others to break the rules.

Accepted Answer

The "bad apple" effect refers to the idea that one person who breaks the rules can inspire others to break the rules. In other words, the behavior of one individual can have a contagious effect on others, leading them to engage in similar deviant behavior.

Question 18

Suppose that Wanda, Edgar, and Sue are three lonely individuals who all cope with their loneliness in various ways. Wanda has a large greenhouse with numerous plants, and she talks with her plants every morning as though they were close friends. Edgar, by contrast, strongly identifies with his favorite sports teams, and comes to think of his attachments to these teams as relationships. Finally, Sue copes with her loneliness by watching several situation comedies, where she thinks of the characters on these shows as her "friends." Which of these strategies is likely to be effective at alleviating loneliness?
A) Wanda's-but not Edgar's or Sue's
B) Edgar's-but not Sue's or Wanda's
C) Wanda's and Edgar's-but not Sue's
D) All three

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that Wanda, Edgar, and Sue are...

Question 19

Take the issue of stealing. The point of view of society as a whole is that if some people get away with stealing, then others may be tempted to steal also, and chaos can result. What concept does this best illustrate?
A) Reinforcement theory
B) The social allergy effect
C) The bad apple effect
D) The propinquity effect

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is the bad apple effect, which suggests that one person's negative behaviors can influence others within a group, leading to a broader impact on the group's conduct, similar to the idea that one "bad apple" can spoil the bunch. This concept is relevant to the scenario where societal concern is that if some individuals get away with stealing, it may encourage others to do the same, potentially leading to widespread disorder.

Question 20

Research on loneliness indicates that, compared to people who are not lonely, those who are lonely tend to be ____ intelligent and ____ attractive.
A) less; less
B) less; equally
C) more; equally
D) equally; equally

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on loneliness indicates that, compared to...

Quiz 11: Attraction and Exclusion

Suppose that Tundi is a middle-aged businessperson living in Ohio. Research suggests that Tundi would be MOST likely to experience social rejection by his peers if he was ____.

The following scenario is not uncommon: Several people are waiting at a crosswalk, one of them decides to cross despite a red signal, and-once that happens-everyone else does the same. This is an example not just of conformity, but also of ____.

Compared to others, people who identify themselves as lonely tend to ____.

Suppose that you are competing in the Olympic games on the U.S. gymnastics team, and you find out that one of the U.S. gymnasts (Betty) and one of the French gymnasts (Beatrice) recently failed a drug test. Research suggests that you will tend to socially reject both of them. However, ____.

Which of the following is an example of the bad apple effect?

Compared to others, people who identify themselves as lonely tend to ____.

Compared to other people, people who are lonely tend to ____.

The ____ refers to the idea that one person who breaks the rules can inspire others to break the rules.

Which of the following is the least likely reason for why a child might be rejected by his or her peers?

According to the social psychological definition, loneliness ____.

According to the text, the main reason for social rejection among adults is ____.

Which of the following is the most likely reason for why a child might be socially rejected by his or her peers?

Suppose that there are two winners for the Nobel Prize in Economics this year, and suppose that one of them is a professor at your university while the other is a professor somewhere else. Research suggests that you will tend to

Suppose that University of Z is a large public university in the Midwest. Based on what you know about social rejection, which of the following University of Z students would probably be most likely to experience rejection by their peers?

The so-called "bad apple" effect refers to the idea that

Take the issue of stealing. The point of view of society as a whole is that if some people get away with stealing, then others may be tempted to steal also, and chaos can result. What concept does this best illustrate?

Research on loneliness indicates that, compared to people who are not lonely, those who are lonely tend to be intelligent and attractive.