Question 1

Which situation is an example of hostile aggression?

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression involves intentional actions that are meant to harm or hurt others. In option C, Mr. Y intentionally humiliates his co-worker, which is an example of hostile aggression. Options A, B, and D do not involve intentional harm and may not necessarily be considered hostile aggression.

Question 2

Social psychologists define aggression in a very specific way. According to that definition, which of the following is an example of aggression?

Accepted Answer

Aggression is defined as any behavior intended to harm or injure another person who does not want to be harmed or injured. In this example, the child's name-calling is intended to hurt her older brother and not something he wants. The other options do not fit this definition. A man committing suicide may harm himself, but it is not intended to harm others. A surgeon drilling into a person's head during brain surgery is not intended to harm the patient, rather it is intended to help them. A disgruntled employee fantasizing about punching his boss in the face is not behavior directed at the boss and therefore does not fit the definition of aggression.

Question 3

The main difference between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression lies in ____.

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression is characterized by the motive to harm the victim for the sake of causing harm or expressing anger, while instrumental aggression is driven by the motivation to achieve a particular goal or outcome, with harm inflicted on the victim as a means to that end. Thus, the key difference between these two types of aggression lies in the intentions or motives of the aggressor.

Question 4

Which scenario illustrates instrumental aggression?

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression is when harm is inflicted as a means to an end or to achieve a goal, rather than as a result of anger or frustration. In this scenario, Rachel pushes Ted out of the way to catch a falling glass, which is an example of instrumental aggression.

Question 5

Which scenario describes aggression, but not violence?

Accepted Answer

Aggression is any behavior that is intended to harm or injure another person. Violence is a type of aggression that involves physical force. In scenario A, Gracie shoves a child, causing the child to bump into the drinking fountain and split her lip. This is an example of aggression, but not violence, because Gracie did not use physical force to harm the child.

Question 6

The textbook defines violence as ____ that ____ extreme harm, such as injury or death.

Accepted Answer

Violence is typically defined as a type of aggression that is specifically intended to cause extreme harm, such as injury or death.

Question 7

Which example is least indicative of antisocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

Boxing in a professional boxing match is a regulated and legal sport. It may involve physical aggression, but it is not considered antisocial behavior as long as it is done within the boundaries of the sport's rules and regulations.

Question 8

Based on the definitions in the text, it is most accurate to say that ____.

Accepted Answer

Violence is often considered a form of antisocial behavior, as it involves actions that harm or lack consideration for the well-being of others.

Question 9

At the most general level, the term antisocial behavior refers to ____.

Accepted Answer

Antisocial behavior is a broad term that encompasses a range of disruptive or harmful behaviors that violate social norms, cultural expectations, or interpersonal codes of conduct. This could include behaviors such as lying, stealing, cheating, vandalism, verbal or physical aggression, or disregarding the rights or needs of others. While some of these behaviors may also be considered violent or aggressive, they are not limited to such actions and may involve a wide range of actions that undermine social order or communal harmony.

Question 10

The FBI classifies ____ as violent crimes.

Accepted Answer

The FBI classifies homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, and robbery as violent crimes. Burglary is considered a property crime and arson can be classified as either a property crime or a violent crime depending on the circumstances. Therefore, options A, B, and D are incorrect.

Question 11

Thad is angry at his football coach for making him sit out the next game. Thad talks about his coach behind the coach's back to the other players. Thad is displaying ____ aggression.

Accepted Answer

Thad is indirectly expressing his anger towards his coach by talking behind his back to the other players. This is an example of indirect aggression.

Question 12

Maureen is really frustrated that the contractor working on her house is taking so long. But she doesn't want to yell at him because she is worried he will not produce quality work for her if she does. Instead, she yells and snipes at her husband. Maureen's aggression is ____.

Accepted Answer

Maureen is taking out her frustration on someone other than the source of her frustration (the contractor), which is an example of displaced aggression. This behavior is a common defense mechanism in which an individual directs their anger or aggression towards a target that is perceived as less threatening.

Question 13

According to the definitions of aggression and violence used in the text, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Aggression can be non-physical and not all aggressive acts result in violence, but violence is a form of aggression.

Question 14

Persistent aggression by a perpetrator against a victim for the purpose of establishing a power relationship over the victim is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Persistent aggression for the purpose of establishing a power relationship over the victim is the basic definition of bullying. Cyberbullying is a specific type of bullying that takes place online or through digital media. Indirect aggression refers to a type of aggression that is not directly aimed at the victim but is instead expressed through passive-aggressive behavior. Displaced aggression is when an individual takes out their aggression on someone or something other than the actual cause of their frustration.

Question 15

According to the text, most social psychologists define aggression as an ____ and state ____.

Accepted Answer

Most social psychologists define aggression as an intentional action and state that the victim must be motivated to avoid it.

Question 16

Most social psychologists define aggression as ____.

Accepted Answer

This definition of aggression takes into account both the intention to harm and the other person's motivation to avoid that harm. It is therefore the most widely accepted definition among social psychologists. Choices A and D are too broad as they do not consider intentions or motivations. Choice B only takes into consideration the intention to harm and not the other person's motivation to avoid harm.

Question 17

Recent data on violence in the world suggests that ____.

Accepted Answer

Studies and research suggest that violence in the world has been decreasing over time. For example, according to the Institute for Economics and Peace's Global Peace Index 2020 report, the overall level of global peace has improved for the first time in five years. Additionally, data from the World Health Organization shows a decline in global homicide rates in recent years.

Question 18

Another term for instrumental aggression is ____.

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression is also referred to as proactive aggression, as it is purposeful and strategized to achieve a goal or obtain a reward.

Question 19

The fact that violence and aggression appear to be decreasing over time are consistent with which theme of the book?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that violence and aggression appear...

Question 20

Social psychologists define aggression in a very specific way. According to that definition, which of the following is NOT an example of aggression?

Accepted Answer

Aggression involves behavior intended to harm another person. Fantasizing about shouting at someone does not involve actual behavior, so it is not considered aggression.

Quiz 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior