Question 1

A newly admitted patient asks the nurse why the physician has ordered the DASH diet for him.The nurse informs the patient that this diet is ordered to encourage healthy eating specifically for the diagnosis of:

Accepted Answer

DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.

Question 2

How are essential fatty acids used in the body? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Essential fatty acids are required for cell membrane structure, prostaglandin production, and eicosanoid production.Essential fatty acids are not a source of energy, do not catalyze metabolic reactions, and do not stimulate growth hormone.

Question 3

A patient is receiving total parenteral nutrition.Which action(s) will the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are monitored during parenteral nutrition.Hyperglycemia may develop and therefore should be monitored.Solutions are discarded every 24 hours.Checking residual volume qid is not an accurate nursing action.Positioning the patient in a high Fowler's position is not necessary for parenteral nutrition.

Question 4

What is the average daily dietary intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of most healthy individuals in a group?

Accepted Answer

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) table lists the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of almost all (97% to 98%) healthy individuals in a group.RDAs are goals in meeting nutritional needs.The UL is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.The EAR is a nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a group.The AI is a value based on observed or experimentally determined approximations of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people.The AI is used when the RDA cannot be determined.

Question 5

A patient is receiving continuous tube feedings at 100 mL/hr.At 1400, the nurse determines that there is 175 mL of residual volume.Which action will the nurse take?

Accepted Answer

When the residual volume of a tube feeding exceeds 100 mL (or the limit set by the health care provider), the tube feeding is stopped and the residual volume is rechecked within 1 hour.When the residual volume has returned to the limits set by the health care provider, it is restarted.Because the residual amount already exceeds the recommended amount, the feeding should not continue.Infusion rate should not be changed without an order from the health care provider.

Question 6

Which food is a good source of vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Vegetables and fruits that are orange (sweet potatoes, cantaloupe, carrots) are concentrated with carotene and are a good source of vitamin A.Apples are a good source of soluble and insoluble fiber.Bananas are a good source of fiber, potassium, and vitamin C.Whole grain bread is a good source of vitamin E and fiber.

Question 7

A patient presents at the physician's office with reports of frequent nosebleeds and delayed clotting.The physician diagnoses this patient with a vitamin deficiency.To treat this type of deficiency, the nurse will encourage the patient to consume foods high in vitamin:

Accepted Answer

Symptoms of bleeding and/or delayed clotting implicate a vitamin K deficiency.

Question 8

A patient is being treated for symptoms of alcohol withdrawal and has been identified to have a thiamine deficiency.When performing physical assessment on this patient specific to thiamine deficiency, the nurse will focus on: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Signs and symptoms of thiamine deficiency include anorexia, constipation, indigestion, confusion, edema, muscle weakness, cardiomegaly, and heart failure.Assessment will focus on level of consciousness, cardiac status, and nutrition status.Photophobia and diarrhea are not symptoms related to thiamine deficiency.

Question 9

Which dietary fats are cardioprotective?

Accepted Answer

Monounsaturated fats decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) and increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) and are considered to be cardioprotective.Polyunsaturated fats also lower LDL and raise HDL, but are not considered to be cardioprotective.Saturated fats raise both LDL and HDL and are thought to increase atherosclerotic plaque formation in the arteries.Trans fats may induce more heart disease than saturated fats because in addition to raising LDL cholesterol, trans fats decrease HDL cholesterol and increase triglycerides, as well as another undesirable blood fat, lipoprotein.

Question 10

Which is a macronutrient that is a separate factor necessary for complete nutrition and wellness?

Accepted Answer

Macronutrients are essential chemical elements needed by all life in large quantities for normal function.Dietary fiber is derived from plant sources and consists of indigestible carbohydrates and lignin and digestible macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins), such as cereal brans, sweet potatoes, and legumes, which contribute to overall nutrition.Another category of fiber is functional fiber, which consists of indigestible carbohydrates that have a beneficial physiologic effect on humans.Phytochemicals, minerals, and vitamins are micronutrients.

Question 11

Which meal contains the best sources of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Good dietary sources of fiber include fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods.There is little fiber in eggs, bacon, and orange juice and much fat and sugar.Although there is fiber in the menu of roast beef, mashed potatoes, corn, and milk as well as a hamburger on a bun, carrot sticks, and potato chips, these are not the best sources of dietary fiber.

Question 12

What provide(s) energy sources for body activities and metabolism? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The macronutrients protein, fat, and carbohydrate are primary energy sources required for balanced metabolism.Minerals and vitamins are not primary sources of energy for the body.

Question 13

A patient who is 8 weeks' postpartum would like to begin a moderate intensity exercise program to lose the remaining 20 lb she gained during her pregnancy.Which exercise regimen will the nurse recommend to accomplish this goal best?

Accepted Answer

According to the National Academy of Sciences, a moderate intensity physical activity would include walking at a rate of 4 to 5 miles/hour four to seven times weekly.Walking 2 miles daily in 1 hour four times weekly is below a moderate level of activity.Jogging 4 miles in 20 minutes three times weekly and jogging 2 miles in 20 minutes twice weekly is beyond a moderate level of activity.

Question 14

What can be directly absorbed from the GI tract into the bloodstream? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides, such as glucose (also known as dextrose), fructose, and galactose, are the only sugars that can be absorbed directly from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood.Disaccharides, such as sucrose (common table sugar), lactose, and maltose, are the most common sugars in foods but must be metabolized to monosaccharides before being absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 15

A patient is being discharged on psyllium (Metamucil).Which explanation(s) by the nurse would be accurate regarding fiber intake? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Functional fibers such as psyllium add bulk to fecal contents.Fibers can reduce the absorption of dietary fat and cholesterol as well as enterohepatic recirculation of cholesterol and bile acids.This may reduce blood cholesterol concentration.In addition, functional fibers delay gastric emptying, which reduces postprandial blood concentration, potentially preventing excessive insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.Fibers delay gastric emptying.Functional fibers assist with weight control because they provide a sense of fullness and satiety.

Quiz 47: Nutrition