Question 1

The life course perspective contends that disruptions in life's major transitions can be destructive and ultimately can promote criminality.

Accepted Answer

The life course perspective emphasizes that major disruptions in life's transitions, such as from childhood to adolescence, and from adolescence to adulthood, can have negative consequences for individuals, including an increased risk for criminal behavior. Factors such as poverty, family instability, and educational challenges can further compound the risk for criminality.

Question 2

The social development model contends that an impulsive personality is the key to delinquency.

Accepted Answer

The social development model does not contend that an impulsive personality is the key to delinquency. Instead, it proposes that delinquency arises from an interaction between individual risk factors (such as impulsivity) and environmental risk factors (such as poor parental monitoring).

Question 3

The general theory of crime states that an impulsive personality is the key to crime,not the environment.​

Accepted Answer

The general theory of crime, also known as self-control theory, proposes that individuals with low self-control are more likely to engage in criminal behavior regardless of their environment. It suggests that criminal behavior is a result of an impulsive personality and a lack of self-control, rather than external factors such as poverty or social inequality.

Question 4

Interactional theory is a developmental theory that attributes delinquent behavior patterns to childhood socialization and pro- or antisocial attachments over the life course.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Interactional theory is a developmental theory that...

Question 5

An element of life course theory is the continuity of crime and delinquency,which states that the best predictor of future criminality is family dysfunction.

Accepted Answer

The continuity of crime and delinquency in life course theory actually posits that the best predictor of future criminality is past criminal behavior, not family dysfunction.

Question 6

Building social capital improves the chances for economic success;building social capital supports conventional behavior and inhibits deviant behavior.

Accepted Answer

Building social capital, which refers to the network of relationships between individuals or groups, can lead to economic success by increasing access to resources such as information, advice, and support. Additionally, being part of a community that shares conventional values and norms can discourage individuals from engaging in deviant or criminal behavior.

Question 7

The Gluecks' research concluded that adolescents raised in a large,single-parent family of limited economic means and educational achievement were the most vulnerable to delinquency.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately represents the findings of the Gluecks' research on delinquency. They found that adolescents from certain family backgrounds, including those in large single-parent families with limited resources, were more likely to engage in delinquent behavior.

Question 8

Latent trait theories assume a physical or psychological trait makes some people delinquency prone.

Accepted Answer

Latent trait theories propose that certain physical or psychological traits increase the likelihood of delinquent behavior. These theories posit that these traits are present from birth or early childhood and are not easily changed, making some individuals more prone to delinquency than others.

Question 9

Early onset of deviance strongly predicts more frequent,varied,and sustained criminality later in life.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals who engage in deviant behavior at an early age are more likely to continue and escalate their criminal activity over time. This is often referred to as the "age-crime curve" and suggests that early intervention and prevention of deviant behavior is crucial in reducing long-term criminality.

Question 10

According to Sampson and Laub's research,desistance is a process rather than an event,and it must be continually renewed.

Accepted Answer

Sampson and Laub's research emphasizes that desistance from delinquent behavior is not a one-time event, but a dynamic process that involves ongoing effort and renewal. They suggest that various factors, such as social bonds, life events, and personal agency, influence this process and may contribute to long-term change. Thus, desistance requires sustained commitment and active engagement, rather than a single, static decision or action.

Question 11

Research shows that children who are raised in two-parent families are less likely to grow up to have happier marriages than children whose parents were divorced or never married.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Research actually shows that children who are raised in stable two-parent families are more likely to grow up to have happier marriages than children whose parents were divorced or never married.

Question 12

Problem behavior syndrome advocates believe that delinquency is one of several social problems experienced by at-risk youths.

Accepted Answer

Problem behavior syndrome advocates believe that delinquency is not an isolated issue, but is one aspect of a broader set of social problems experienced by at-risk youths, such as substance abuse, academic failure, and mental health issues.

Question 13

Two critical turning points that enable people to desist from delinquency are marriage and a career.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that marriage and a stable career are two significant criminogenic factors that contribute to desistance from delinquency. Both marriage and a successful career provide stability, financial security, and social support that reduce the likelihood of engaging in deviant behavior. Therefore, these critical turning points have been associated with a decreased likelihood of criminal behavior and an increased likelihood of desistance.

Question 14

The latent trait theory is a developmental theory that focuses on changes in behavior as people travel along the path of life and how these changes affect crime and delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Latent trait theory, also known as trait theory, suggests that individuals have a stable characteristic or trait that influences their propensity to commit crimes, rather than focusing on changes in behavior over the life course.

Question 15

According to latent trait theory,the propensity to commit delinquency is stable,but the opportunity to commit delinquency fluctuates over time.

Accepted Answer

Latent trait theory suggests that individuals have a stable propensity to commit delinquency which remains constant over time, but the opportunity to commit delinquent behavior may vary depending on environmental factors.

Question 16

Using subjects in New Zealand,Wright and associates found that low self-control in childhood predicts disrupted social bonds and delinquent offending later in life.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately summarizes the findings of Wright and associates regarding the relationship between low self-control in childhood and later outcomes of disrupted social bonds and delinquent offending in New Zealand.

Question 17

According to interactional theory,weak bonds lead kids to acquire deviant peer relations and engage in delinquency;delinquency weakens conventional bonds and strengthens relations with deviant peers.

Accepted Answer

Interactional theory suggests that weak conventional bonds can lead children to engage in delinquency and form deviant peer relations, while delinquent behavior further weakens conventional bonds and reinforces deviant peer relations. This creates a reciprocal relationship between delinquency and deviant peer relations.

Question 18

According to age-graded theory,building social capital and strong social bonds reduces the likelihood of long-term deviance;as people go through their life course,the factors that influence their behavior undergo change.

Accepted Answer

According to age-graded theory, building social capital and strong social bonds can reduce the likelihood of long-term deviance, and the factors that influence behavior may change throughout the life course.

Question 19

Trajectories help kids knife off from a life of crime or solidify and amplify their criminality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trajectories help kids knife off from a...

Question 20

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi,because those with low self-control can delay gratification,they are less likely to enjoy delinquent acts.

Accepted Answer

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's theory of self-control, those with low self-control are more impulsive and tend to prioritize immediate gratification over long-term goals. As a result, they are more likely to engage in delinquent acts, such as theft, substance abuse, and violence. Therefore, the statement is false.

Quiz 14: Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community Treatment, and Institutionalization