Question 1

Different proteins have different amino acid __________.

Accepted Answer

sequences

Question 2

Bacteria can synthesize unsaturated fatty acids only under anaerobic conditions.

Accepted Answer

Bacteria are capable of synthesizing unsaturated fatty acids both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, bacteria can use molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor for energy production during fatty acid synthesis. Under anaerobic conditions, bacteria can use alternative electron acceptors like nitrate, sulfate, or carbon dioxide for energy production during fatty acid synthesis. Therefore, bacteria can synthesize unsaturated fatty acids in both aerobic and anaerobic environments.

Question 3

Photoautotrophs are the only organisms that can incorporate (fix)carbon dioxide into biomolecules.

Accepted Answer

Other organisms, such as chemolithoautotrophs, can also fix carbon dioxide into biomolecules using energy derived from inorganic chemical reactions, not just light.

Question 4

There are __________ common amino acids used to synthesize proteins.

Accepted Answer

There are 20 common amino acids used to synthesize proteins. These amino acids differ in their side chains, which determine their specific properties and functions within the protein.

Question 5

Assemblies of macromolecules are referred to as __________ complexes.

Accepted Answer

Supramolecular is the correct term for assemblies of macromolecules, as it refers to the structures that are formed by the non-covalent interactions between the macromolecules. Ultramolecular is not a recognized term, and metamolecular and maximolecular are not commonly used in scientific literature.

Question 6

Nitrogen fixation is used to form ATP,which is then used for energy reserves.

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation is a process by which certain bacteria in the soil or nodules of plant roots convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium ions that can be used by plants to make proteins. This process does not directly produce ATP, which is produced through cellular respiration in the mitochondria of cells.

Question 7

In the synthesis of amino acids the addition of the amino nitrogen usually occurs __________ the synthesis of the carbon skeletons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the synthesis of amino acids the...

Question 8

Because peptidoglycan lies outside the plasma membrane,all steps in the complex synthesis process of this molecule takes place outside the cell.

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan synthesis begins inside the cell with the initial stages of the precursor molecules (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid) being synthesized in the cytoplasm. These precursors are then transported across the plasma membrane, where further steps, including the cross-linking of the glycan strands, occur outside the cell.

Question 9

Large numbers of small monomeric molecules join together to form large molecules that are known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Large molecules formed from the joining of small monomeric molecules are called macromolecules. A multimer is a molecule composed of multiple repeating units of the same molecule, but it may not necessarily be large. Polymolecules is not a commonly used term and may cause confusion with the term polymer, which specifically refers to macromolecules. Maximolecules is not a valid scientific term.

Question 10

Large structures (e.g.,ribosomes)form spontaneously from their macromolecular components by a process known as _____-_____.
or

Accepted Answer

The answer of Large structures (e.g.,ribosomes)form spontaneously from their macromolecular...

Question 11

The use of compartmentation for the simultaneous but independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways occurs generally in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

Compartmentation, or the physical separation of different metabolic pathways within a cell, is more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes. This allows for the regulation of anabolic (building up) and catabolic (breaking down) pathways to occur independently and simultaneously. Prokaryotes tend to have less elaborate compartmentalization and rely on other mechanisms for regulation.

Question 12

Although most autotrophic microorganisms fix carbon dioxide using the Calvin-Benson cycle,this pathway is absent in the Archaea.

Accepted Answer

The Calvin-Benson cycle is absent in the Archaea, which use other pathways for carbon fixation.

Question 13

Unsaturated fatty acids are those containing carbon-carbon ________ bonds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unsaturated fatty acids are those containing carbon-carbon...

Question 14

Many enzyme catalyzed reactions are freely reversible; however,some key steps require separate enzymes for the reverse step in order to provide for independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Some key steps in enzyme catalyzed reactions require separate enzymes for the reverse step to allow for regulation of anabolic (building up) and catabolic (breaking down) pathways independently. This helps to maintain a balance in the cell's metabolic processes.

Question 15

In the biosynthesis of nucleotides,pyrimidines are assembled starting with ribose-5-phosphate while ribose-5-phosphate is added after synthesis of the nitrogenous base for purines.

Accepted Answer

In the biosynthesis of nucleotides, pyrimidines are synthesized first and then attached to ribose-5-phosphate, whereas for purines, the nitrogenous base is built directly onto ribose-5-phosphate.

Question 16

Nongrowing cells continuously degrade and resynthesize cellular molecules during a process known as cellular turnover.

Accepted Answer

Nongrowing cells continuously undergo cellular turnover, which involves the degradation and resynthesis of cellular molecules. This process helps to maintain cellular homeostasis and ensure the proper functioning of the cell.

Question 17

Anabolic and catabolic pathways use different cofactors for similar reactions.

Accepted Answer

Anabolic and catabolic pathways use different cofactors, enzymes and molecules to carry out similar reactions. Anabolic pathways use energy-consuming reactions, such as ATP hydrolysis or electron transport, to build larger molecules from smaller ones, while catabolic pathways use energy-releasing reactions, such as electron transport or substrate-level phosphorylation, to break down larger molecules into smaller ones. The specific cofactors and enzymes used in these pathways vary depending on the specific reactions and organisms involved.

Question 18

Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize some anabolic and catabolic pathways so that these pathways can be operated _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize some anabolic and catabolic...

Question 19

Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones with the input of energy is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Anabolism is the process of building complex molecules from simpler ones with the input of energy. Metabolism includes both anabolism and catabolism, which is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones with the release of energy. Amphibolism refers to metabolic pathways that can both break down and build up molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the synthesis of macromolecules from monomeric subunits?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of macromolecules from monomeric subunits saves genetic storage capacity because only a few types of monomeric subunits can be used to make various types of macromolecules through different arrangements. Additionally, it saves biosynthetic raw materials because cells only need to produce a few types of monomers and can use them to create many different types of macromolecules. Finally, it saves energy because the synthesis of macromolecules from monomers is often an energy-requiring process that is regulated by enzymes to ensure efficiency.

Quiz 12: Anabolism: the Use of Energy in Biosynthesis

Different proteins have different amino acid __________.

Bacteria can synthesize unsaturated fatty acids only under anaerobic conditions.

Photoautotrophs are the only organisms that can incorporate (fix)carbon dioxide into biomolecules.

There are __________ common amino acids used to synthesize proteins.

Assemblies of macromolecules are referred to as __________ complexes.

Nitrogen fixation is used to form ATP,which is then used for energy reserves.

In the synthesis of amino acids the addition of the amino nitrogen usually occurs __________ the synthesis of the carbon skeletons.

Because peptidoglycan lies outside the plasma membrane,all steps in the complex synthesis process of this molecule takes place outside the cell.

Large numbers of small monomeric molecules join together to form large molecules that are known as ______.

Large structures (e.g.,ribosomes)form spontaneously from their macromolecular components by a process known as _-_. or

The use of compartmentation for the simultaneous but independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways occurs generally in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes.

Although most autotrophic microorganisms fix carbon dioxide using the Calvin-Benson cycle,this pathway is absent in the Archaea.

Unsaturated fatty acids are those containing carbon-carbon ________ bonds.

Many enzyme catalyzed reactions are freely reversible; however,some key steps require separate enzymes for the reverse step in order to provide for independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways.

In the biosynthesis of nucleotides,pyrimidines are assembled starting with ribose-5-phosphate while ribose-5-phosphate is added after synthesis of the nitrogenous base for purines.

Nongrowing cells continuously degrade and resynthesize cellular molecules during a process known as cellular turnover.

Anabolic and catabolic pathways use different cofactors for similar reactions.

Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize some anabolic and catabolic pathways so that these pathways can be operated _______.

Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones with the input of energy is called ______.

Which of the following is true about the synthesis of macromolecules from monomeric subunits?

Quiz 12: Anabolism: the Use of Energy in Biosynthesis

Different proteins have different amino acid __________.

Bacteria can synthesize unsaturated fatty acids only under anaerobic conditions.

Photoautotrophs are the only organisms that can incorporate (fix)carbon dioxide into biomolecules.

There are __________ common amino acids used to synthesize proteins.

Assemblies of macromolecules are referred to as __________ complexes.

Nitrogen fixation is used to form ATP,which is then used for energy reserves.

In the synthesis of amino acids the addition of the amino nitrogen usually occurs __________ the synthesis of the carbon skeletons.

Because peptidoglycan lies outside the plasma membrane,all steps in the complex synthesis process of this molecule takes place outside the cell.

Large numbers of small monomeric molecules join together to form large molecules that are known as ______.

Large structures (e.g.,ribosomes)form spontaneously from their macromolecular components by a process known as _____-_____. or

The use of compartmentation for the simultaneous but independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways occurs generally in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes.

Although most autotrophic microorganisms fix carbon dioxide using the Calvin-Benson cycle,this pathway is absent in the Archaea.

Unsaturated fatty acids are those containing carbon-carbon ________ bonds.

Many enzyme catalyzed reactions are freely reversible; however,some key steps require separate enzymes for the reverse step in order to provide for independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways.

In the biosynthesis of nucleotides,pyrimidines are assembled starting with ribose-5-phosphate while ribose-5-phosphate is added after synthesis of the nitrogenous base for purines.

Nongrowing cells continuously degrade and resynthesize cellular molecules during a process known as cellular turnover.

Anabolic and catabolic pathways use different cofactors for similar reactions.

Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize some anabolic and catabolic pathways so that these pathways can be operated _______.

Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones with the input of energy is called ______.

Which of the following is true about the synthesis of macromolecules from monomeric subunits?

Large structures (e.g.,ribosomes)form spontaneously from their macromolecular components by a process known as _-_. or