Question 1

Self-awareness

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness is necessary for the development of self-conscious emotions such as embarrassment and envy, which arise when an individual is aware of their own thoughts and feelings as well as the thoughts and feelings of others. Self-awareness typically begins to develop around 18 months of age and becomes more sophisticated over time. Sharing and cooperation can occur without self-awareness, but they may not be as effective or meaningful. Option A is incorrect as self-awareness begins to develop around 18 months of age, not 24 months. Option B is incorrect, as self-awareness is important for social skills such as sharing and cooperation. Option D is incorrect, as option C is a valid answer.

Question 2

Which is the MOST common form of temperament,as found in studies by Chess and Thomas (1989)?

Accepted Answer

Studies by Chess and Thomas (1989) found that the most common form of temperament is "easy." This means that most babies were adaptable, had regular routines, and generally had a positive mood.

Question 3

Emotional regulation refers to

Accepted Answer

Emotional regulation refers to the ways in which children control their emotions. This includes a variety of strategies such as distraction, deep breathing, and self-talk. It is an important skill for children to develop as it allows them to manage their intense emotions and respond in a socially appropriate way.

Question 4

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Social referencing

Accepted Answer

Social referencing involves using a caregiver's facial expressions and reactions to interpret ambiguous or uncertain situations, helping the child to understand how to feel and behave in those situations.

Question 5

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Contact comfort

Accepted Answer

Contact comfort refers to the pleasure and security a child feels when in physical contact with a caregiver, highlighting the importance of touch in forming attachments.

Question 6

Mallory and Steve are parents of a difficult temperament infant.In response to the child's temperament,they become less available and less responsive.As a result,their child becomes more difficult to handle.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the concept of "goodness of fit," which refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environment in which they are raised. In this case, Mallory and Steve's unresponsiveness to their difficult infant creates a poor fit, exacerbating the child's challenging behavior. This can lead to a negative cycle where the child's behavior becomes more difficult, prompting further unresponsiveness from the parents, and so on.

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Ambivalent attachment

Accepted Answer

Ambivalent attachment is characterized by distress when the attachment figure leaves and hostility or ambivalence upon reunion, showing a desire for closeness but also resistance or anger towards the caregiver.

Question 8

"An individual's distinctive ways of responding to people and events" is called

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to an individual's distinctive ways of responding to people and events. It includes traits, behaviors, and attitudes that shape an individual's patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. Temperament refers to the innate behavioral and emotional style that an individual exhibits from birth. Self-concept refers to an individual's beliefs, attitudes, and values about themselves. Genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup. While genotype can influence personality and temperament, it is not synonymous with an individual's ways of responding to people and events.

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the following:
-Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)
...

Question 10

Erikson stated that the major developmental task of the child between the ages of 2 and 3 is to acquire a sense of autonomy and independence from their parents.One way toddlers do this is by

Accepted Answer

Refusing to comply with parental requests or commands is a common behavior for toddlers as they try to assert their independence and autonomy. This behavior helps them develop their own sense of control over their environment and decision-making.

Question 11

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Self-awareness

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the following:
-Self-awareness
...

Question 12

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Self-concept

Accepted Answer

Self-concept refers to one's impression of oneself, encompassing beliefs, evaluations, and perceptions about one's own abilities, appearance, and worth.

Question 13

While Neisha is sleeping,her mother puts a spot of makeup on her nose.When Neisha wakes up,her mother places her in front of a mirror,and Neisha reaches and physically touches her own nose.This means Neisha

Accepted Answer

Neisha's ability to recognize herself in the mirror and touch her own nose after seeing makeup on it indicates not only that she is at least 18 months old, but also that she recognizes herself as a separate individual with her own body and features. This points towards the development of a self-concept, making D the correct answer.

Question 14

Nathan has irregular sleep and feeding schedules,he responds to frustrations with tantrums and loud crying,and he takes a long time to adjust to new routines.Which temperament classification most accurately describes Nathan?

Accepted Answer

Nathan's irregular sleep and feeding schedules, as well as his response to frustration with tantrums and loud crying, are characteristic of a difficult temperament. Additionally, his slow adjustment to new routines further supports this classification.

Question 15

How stable is temperament?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that temperament is moderately stable from infancy onward, meaning that there is some consistency in an individual's temperament over time. However, it is still subject to change and can be influenced by various life experiences.

Question 16

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Social smile

Accepted Answer

Social smile occurs in response to human voice or face, typically emerging within the first few months of life, indicating pleasure and recognition.

Question 17

MATCHING
Match the following:
-John Bowlby

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the following:
-John Bowlby
...

Question 18

MATCHING
Match the following:
-Fear of strangers

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the following:
-Fear of strangers
...

Question 19

Research discussed in the textbook indicates that the statement "children prefer gender-typed toys only after they have become aware of the gender roles assigned to them by society" is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research discussed in the textbook indicates that...

Question 20

One of the most obvious ways in which parents treat their sons and daughters differently is in their

Accepted Answer

Parents often choose different types of clothing, room furnishings, and toys for their sons and daughters based on traditional gender roles and stereotypes. For example, parents may dress daughters in pink clothing and decorate their rooms with princess themes, while dressing sons in blue clothing and decorating their rooms with sports themes. This gender-based differentiation can start from an early age and influence children's beliefs about what toys, activities, and colors are appropriate for their gender.

Quiz 7: Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Self-awareness

Which is the MOST common form of temperament,as found in studies by Chess and Thomas (1989) ?

Emotional regulation refers to

MATCHING Match the following: -Social referencing

MATCHING Match the following: -Contact comfort

Mallory and Steve are parents of a difficult temperament infant.In response to the child's temperament,they become less available and less responsive.As a result,their child becomes more difficult to handle.This is an example of

MATCHING Match the following: -Ambivalent attachment

"An individual's distinctive ways of responding to people and events" is called

MATCHING Match the following: -Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)

Erikson stated that the major developmental task of the child between the ages of 2 and 3 is to acquire a sense of autonomy and independence from their parents.One way toddlers do this is by

MATCHING Match the following: -Self-awareness

MATCHING Match the following: -Self-concept

While Neisha is sleeping,her mother puts a spot of makeup on her nose.When Neisha wakes up,her mother places her in front of a mirror,and Neisha reaches and physically touches her own nose.This means Neisha

Nathan has irregular sleep and feeding schedules,he responds to frustrations with tantrums and loud crying,and he takes a long time to adjust to new routines.Which temperament classification most accurately describes Nathan?

How stable is temperament?

MATCHING Match the following: -Social smile

MATCHING Match the following: -John Bowlby

MATCHING Match the following: -Fear of strangers

Research discussed in the textbook indicates that the statement "children prefer gender-typed toys only after they have become aware of the gender roles assigned to them by society" is

One of the most obvious ways in which parents treat their sons and daughters differently is in their