Question 1

If you were working inside of a cell and you needed to move a vesicle along microtubules toward the center of the cell,which molecular motor(s)would you choose to help you?

Accepted Answer

Dynein is the molecular motor that moves vesicles along microtubules toward the center of the cell, which is typically the minus end of the microtubules. Kinesin generally moves toward the plus end, which is usually toward the cell periphery.

Question 2

Which of the following associations is unlike the others?

Accepted Answer

All the other associations are related to cellular organelles whereas lysosome and peroxisome are both types of cellular vesicles.

Question 3

If you were to use antibodies that were chemically bonded to a stain in order to visualize the expression pattern of a protein in a fixed tissue,which of the following experimental techniques and equipment would be applicable?

Accepted Answer

Immunohistochemistry involves using antibodies linked to a stain to visualize proteins in tissue, and bright-field microscopy is used to view the stained samples.

Question 4

You have identified an enzyme that appears to be involved in the addition of palmityl group (a fatty acid)to certain proteins.Knowing that palmitoylated proteins are usually targeted to the plasma membrane,in which organelles might this enzyme be expressed?

Accepted Answer

The addition of a palmitoyl group to proteins occurs in the Golgi apparatus, and the modified proteins are then transported to the plasma membrane. Therefore, the enzyme involved in this process is likely to be expressed in the Golgi apparatus. Additionally, the ER is responsible for the synthesis and modification of lipids, including fatty acids, which are then transported to the Golgi apparatus for processing. Therefore, it is also likely that this enzyme could be expressed in the ER.

Question 5

Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life,if you could create an artificial cell,which of the following structures must you include?

Accepted Answer

The minimal essential functions of cellular life include the ability to store genetic information and the ability to make proteins. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, so including them in an artificial cell would be necessary for it to perform basic cellular functions. Cell walls, mitochondria, and nuclei are not essential for basic cellular processes.

Question 6

A mutation in an integrin protein would likely affect all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Integrin proteins connect the ECM to cytoskeleton and are involved in cell-cell adhesion and fibronectin binding. However, they do not directly affect communication between the nucleus and cytoskeleton. Therefore, a mutation in an integrin protein would not likely affect communication between the nucleus and cytoskeleton.

Question 7

Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in the protein degradation,which can eventually lead to liver damage.Given this information,which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes are organelles responsible for degrading and recycling cellular waste products, including proteins. Alcohol consumption can impair the function of lysosomes, leading to protein accumulation and potential liver damage.

Question 8

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is a very rare disease that is caused by several different mutations in the lamin A gene.If you were to culture cells from patients who have Progeria,what effect might you expect to see over time?

Accepted Answer

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the structure of the nuclear envelope, causing it to become irregularly shaped. This can result in a variety of cellular abnormalities, including altered gene expression, impaired signaling pathways, and changes in cellular architecture. Over time, these effects can lead to a variety of symptoms, including premature aging, brittle bones, cardiovascular disease, and other health problems.

Question 9

During which cellular process do all three forms of RNA associate?

Accepted Answer

All three forms of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA) associate during protein synthesis, which occurs in the ribosomes.

Question 10

Sulfolobus are archaea that are commonly found in geothermal environments,with an optimum growth temperature of about 80^$\circ$C.Which of the following features allows archaea to thrive at such temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Archaeal membranes contain special lipids called isoprenoids or ether lipids, which provide greater stability and durability compared to the fatty acids found in bacterial and eukaryotic membranes. This allows archaea to thrive in extreme environments, including high temperatures.

Question 11

If you were a protein destined to reach the plasma membrane and you were making your way through the Golgi when suddenly Golgi trafficking was blocked at the trans face,what would happen to you?

Accepted Answer

If Golgi trafficking is blocked at the trans face, proteins will be stuck in the Golgi and won't be able to reach the cell surface. Therefore, the protein would not be able to exit the Golgi and would remain there.

Question 12

All plants contain chloroplasts with both chlorophyll a and b.By comparison,almost all prokaryotic organisms only contain chlorophyll a.One exception is Prochloron,which contains both chlorophyll a and b.According to the endosymbiotic theory,how did photosynthetic plants arise and how did the discovery of Prochloron in the 1970's lend support to this theory?

Accepted Answer

This choice accurately describes the endosymbiotic theory and how the discovery of Prochloron supports it by showing the presence of both chlorophyll a and b in a single prokaryotic organism, suggesting a common ancestor to all plant chloroplasts. Choices B and C contain inaccurate information about the presence of chlorophyll a and b in all plants and their common ancestor.

Quiz 4: Cell Structure

If you were working inside of a cell and you needed to move a vesicle along microtubules toward the center of the cell,which molecular motor(s) would you choose to help you?

Which of the following associations is unlike the others?

If you were to use antibodies that were chemically bonded to a stain in order to visualize the expression pattern of a protein in a fixed tissue,which of the following experimental techniques and equipment would be applicable?

You have identified an enzyme that appears to be involved in the addition of palmityl group (a fatty acid) to certain proteins.Knowing that palmitoylated proteins are usually targeted to the plasma membrane,in which organelles might this enzyme be expressed?

Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life,if you could create an artificial cell,which of the following structures must you include?

A mutation in an integrin protein would likely affect all of the following except

Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in the protein degradation,which can eventually lead to liver damage.Given this information,which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected?

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is a very rare disease that is caused by several different mutations in the lamin A gene.If you were to culture cells from patients who have Progeria,what effect might you expect to see over time?

During which cellular process do all three forms of RNA associate?

Sulfolobus are archaea that are commonly found in geothermal environments,with an optimum growth temperature of about 80^$\circ$C.Which of the following features allows archaea to thrive at such temperatures?

If you were a protein destined to reach the plasma membrane and you were making your way through the Golgi when suddenly Golgi trafficking was blocked at the trans face,what would happen to you?

Quiz 4: Cell Structure

If you were working inside of a cell and you needed to move a vesicle along microtubules toward the center of the cell,which molecular motor(s) would you choose to help you?

Which of the following associations is unlike the others?

If you were to use antibodies that were chemically bonded to a stain in order to visualize the expression pattern of a protein in a fixed tissue,which of the following experimental techniques and equipment would be applicable?

You have identified an enzyme that appears to be involved in the addition of palmityl group (a fatty acid) to certain proteins.Knowing that palmitoylated proteins are usually targeted to the plasma membrane,in which organelles might this enzyme be expressed?

Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life,if you could create an artificial cell,which of the following structures must you include?

A mutation in an integrin protein would likely affect all of the following except

Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in the protein degradation,which can eventually lead to liver damage.Given this information,which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected?

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is a very rare disease that is caused by several different mutations in the lamin A gene.If you were to culture cells from patients who have Progeria,what effect might you expect to see over time?

During which cellular process do all three forms of RNA associate?

Sulfolobus are archaea that are commonly found in geothermal environments,with an optimum growth temperature of about 80 ∘\circ∘ C.Which of the following features allows archaea to thrive at such temperatures?

If you were a protein destined to reach the plasma membrane and you were making your way through the Golgi when suddenly Golgi trafficking was blocked at the trans face,what would happen to you?

Sulfolobus are archaea that are commonly found in geothermal environments,with an optimum growth temperature of about 80^$\circ$C.Which of the following features allows archaea to thrive at such temperatures?