Question 1

A human ____________________ can be carried in just over 3,000 YACs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A human ____________________ can be carried in...

Question 2

Probes can come from a variety of sources,such as ____________________.
A) single-stranded RNA templates
B) histones from other species
C) artificially engineered gene sequences
D) related genes from other species
E) unrelated genes from other species

Accepted Answer

Probes can come from related genes from other species, as these genes may have some degree of homology with the target gene in the species of interest, allowing for hybridization and detection. Single-stranded RNA templates, histones from other species, and artificially engineered gene sequences may not be suitable as probes as they may not have the necessary homology to successfully bind to the target DNA. Unrelated genes from other species would also not be useful as probes as they would not have any homology with the target gene.

Question 3

During the Southern blot technique,the cut DNA in the gel is ____________________ to single strands to enable a labeled probe to bind to complementary sequences of interest in the fragments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the Southern blot technique,the cut DNA...

Question 4

DNA cloning techniques have made it possible to locate ____________________,map them,isolate them,sequence them,and transfer them between species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DNA cloning techniques have made it possible...

Question 5

The ability to isolate and produce many copies of specific ____________________ molecules had a great impact on many areas of genetic research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability to isolate and produce many...

Question 6

During DNA sequencing,a laser beam scans the fragments on the electrophoresis gel to identify the ____________________.
A) gene sequence by the color it fluoresces
B) end nucleotide by the color it fluoresces
C) useful DNA strands that will be analyzed further
D) gene products that have been fixed by the gel
E) gene products that have been sorted by the addition of a probe

Accepted Answer

During DNA sequencing, particularly in methods like Sanger sequencing, each of the four nucleotides (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) is tagged with a different fluorescent dye. As the fragments pass the laser during electrophoresis, the laser excites these dyes, and the color emitted identifies the end nucleotide of each fragment. This allows for the determination of the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA strand being analyzed.

Question 7

Southern blot is a method for ____.
A) amplifying DNA segments using cycles of denaturation, annealing to primers, and DNA polymerase-directed DNA synthesis
B) transferring DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane filter and used in hybridization experiments
C) determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule
D) producing several clones from a single cell by placing the cell in a Petri dish and allowing it to go through several divisions
E) detecting mutant genes or differences in the pattern of gene expression

Accepted Answer

Southern blot is a technique used to transfer DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane filter, and then used in hybridization experiments to detect mutant genes or differences in the pattern of gene expression. It is named after Edward M. Southern, who developed the method in 1975.

Question 8

During PCR,____________________ serve as a starting point for the synthesis of the new DNA strand.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During PCR,____________________ serve as a starting point...

Question 9

After a restriction enzyme cuts DNA into fragments and the fragments pair with complementary bases,the enzyme ____________________ is used to seal the gaps in the phosphate backbone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After a restriction enzyme cuts DNA into...

Question 10

PCR uses two components: ____________________ that serve as templates and primers that bind to regions on either side of the template to be copied.
A) yeast artificial chromosomes
B) tRNA that has been cut by restriction enzymes
C) mRNA that has been cut by restriction enzymes
D) double strands of DNA
E) single strands of DNA

Accepted Answer

The answer of PCR uses two components: ____________________ that serve...

Question 11

A series of techniques in which DNA fragments from an organism are linked to self-replicating vectors to create recombinant DNA molecules,which are then replicated in a host cell,is called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A series of techniques in which DNA...

Question 12

A yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)is a ____ that can accommodate large DNA inserts and uses the eukaryote yeast as a host cell.
A) restriction enzyme produced from yeast chromosomes
B) labeled nucleic acid used to identify a clone within a genome and
C) q arm of chromosome 15 within a cell that encodes for a restriction enzyme and
D) cloning vector that has telomeres and a centromere
E) cloning vector that has 23 chromosomes

Accepted Answer

A yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) is a cloning vector that has telomeres and a centromere, which allows it to accommodate large DNA inserts and use the eukaryote yeast as a host cell. The other choices do not accurately describe YACs.

Question 13

Most often,genomic library screening uses ____.
A) a labeled, complementary single-stranded RNA or DNA molecule called a probe
B) colonies of vector bacteria on a Petri dish in order to replicate the desired genome
C) recombinant plasmids containing DNA and DNA ligase
D) cut plasmids containing recognition sites used to carry DNA molecules
E) tRNA polymerase copies with a truncated copy of a DNA template

Accepted Answer

Genomic library screening most often uses a labeled, complementary single-stranded RNA or DNA molecule called a probe to identify specific genes or sequences within the library. The probe hybridizes with the complementary sequence within the library, allowing researchers to isolate the desired DNA fragment.

Question 14

Detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),fusion genes,and mRNAs for alternative splicing are three applications of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),fusion genes,and mRNAs...

Question 15

Plant and animal food sources have been improved by ____________________ for thousands of years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Plant and animal food sources have been...

Question 16

During in vitro fertilization,the fertilized egg ____.
A) is enucleated and fused with a donor egg
B) develops in a Petri dish to form an embryo containing 64 to 128 cells
C) develops in a Petri dish to form an embryo containing four to eight cells
D) develops in the host animal and eventually results in a clone born to the host
E) undergoes a second fertilization with a donor animal's sperm

Accepted Answer

During in vitro fertilization, the fertilized egg develops in a Petri dish to form an embryo containing four to eight cells before being implanted into the host animal. It is not enucleated, fused with a donor egg, or undergoes a second fertilization. The embryo also does not develop into a clone born to the host, as it is genetically unique.

Question 17

The DNA sequencing reaction uses the enzyme DNA polymerase,a primer,and ____________________.
A) a restriction enzyme
B) a self-replicating vector
C) a plasmid RNA
D) the four deoxynucleotides found in DNA
E) the four ribonucleotides found in RNA

Accepted Answer

The DNA sequencing reaction uses the enzyme DNA polymerase, a primer, and the four deoxynucleotides found in DNA. This is because DNA polymerase reads and incorporates deoxynucleotides during DNA replication and sequencing reactions.

Question 18

In a typical application,a DNA microarray is used to compare the ____________________.
A) expression of genes in two different tissues
B) alleles of each chromosome
C) length of DNA fragments in yeast vectors
D) changes in gene sequences within an allele through generations of a single family
E) protein products produced when using different DNA sequencing techniques

Accepted Answer

DNA microarrays are commonly used to compare gene expression in different tissues or between experimental and control groups. They allow scientists to measure the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously, making it possible to identify genes that are up- or down-regulated in response to a specific stimulus or condition.

Question 19

A technique called the ____________________ has revolutionized molecular biology because it is not as labor intensive or time consuming as DNA cloning techniques.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A technique called the ____________________ has revolutionized...

Question 20

In June 2001 an announcement was made that a draft sequence of the ____________________ nucleotides in the human genome had been finished.
A) 350 million
B) 990 million
C) 1.1 billion
D) 3.2 billion
E) 56 billion

Accepted Answer

The announcement stated that the draft sequence of the nucleotides in the human genome had been finished, and the number given was 3.2 billion. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Quiz 13: An Introduction to Genetic Technology

A human ____________________ can be carried in just over 3,000 YACs.

Probes can come from a variety of sources,such as ____________________.

During the Southern blot technique,the cut DNA in the gel is ____________________ to single strands to enable a labeled probe to bind to complementary sequences of interest in the fragments.

DNA cloning techniques have made it possible to locate ____________________,map them,isolate them,sequence them,and transfer them between species.

The ability to isolate and produce many copies of specific ____________________ molecules had a great impact on many areas of genetic research.

During DNA sequencing,a laser beam scans the fragments on the electrophoresis gel to identify the ____________________.

Southern blot is a method for ____.

During PCR,____________________ serve as a starting point for the synthesis of the new DNA strand.

After a restriction enzyme cuts DNA into fragments and the fragments pair with complementary bases,the enzyme ____________________ is used to seal the gaps in the phosphate backbone.

PCR uses two components: ____________________ that serve as templates and primers that bind to regions on either side of the template to be copied.

A series of techniques in which DNA fragments from an organism are linked to self-replicating vectors to create recombinant DNA molecules,which are then replicated in a host cell,is called ____________________.

A yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) is a ____ that can accommodate large DNA inserts and uses the eukaryote yeast as a host cell.

Most often,genomic library screening uses ____.

Detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),fusion genes,and mRNAs for alternative splicing are three applications of ____________________.

Plant and animal food sources have been improved by ____________________ for thousands of years.

During in vitro fertilization,the fertilized egg ____.

The DNA sequencing reaction uses the enzyme DNA polymerase,a primer,and ____________________.

In a typical application,a DNA microarray is used to compare the ____________________.

A technique called the ____________________ has revolutionized molecular biology because it is not as labor intensive or time consuming as DNA cloning techniques.

In June 2001 an announcement was made that a draft sequence of the ____________________ nucleotides in the human genome had been finished.