Question 1

Sensitivity to taste:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that babies in the womb react to different tastes, suggesting that sensitivity to taste is present even before birth.

Question 2

Baby Jane, three days old, is shown four drawings: a bright blue square, a white oval, a yellow circle, and a drawing of a face. In view of Fantz' work, which drawing would she probably prefer to look at?

Accepted Answer

According to Fantz' work, infants prefer to look at pictures of human faces over other shapes and patterns, so Baby Jane would probably prefer to look at the drawing of the face.

Question 3

Amanda is 6 days old. Which of the following statements about Amanda's hearing is true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that newborns are more sensitive to higher pitched sounds than lower pitched sounds. Additionally, by 6 days old, infants are able to determine the general location from where a sound is coming. However, they may not be able to pinpoint the exact location until a few months later.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about perception in infants is true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that newborns are less able to hear soft sounds than adults are, but they are more sensitive to higher pitches. They are able to localize sounds and can perceive pain.

Question 5

Winnie is considering the use of anesthesia during the circumcision of her newborn son. She wants to know if newborns can feel pain. What would you tell her?

Accepted Answer

Recent research indicates that infants can feel pain, therefore anesthesia may be necessary during circumcision to reduce any potential discomfort.

Question 6

Sheena would like to hang a picture above her baby's crib. Which of the following is likely to attract the MOST attention from the infant?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sheena would like to hang a picture...

Question 7

Sarah shows her baby a colorful block several times. The baby looks carefully at the block, at first, but then turns her attention to a different toy after seeing the block a few times. The baby is showing _____.

Accepted Answer

The baby is showing habituation, which is a decrease in attention or interest in a stimulus after repeated exposure to it. This is a normal process of learning and adapting to the environment.

Question 8

Baby Kendra, who is 6 days old, is presented with two breast pads. One comes from her mother, and the other has not been used. Which one will Kendra probably prefer?

Accepted Answer

Kendra will prefer her mother's breast pad because it will have her mother's scent on it, which is familiar to her and can provide comfort and security. Newborns rely heavily on their sense of smell to identify their caregivers and feel secure.

Question 9

Two-year-old Anita has learned the word "dog" to identify the family pet Rover. Now Anita says the word "dog" when she sees any animal. Anita has _____ these animals into her existing scheme.

Accepted Answer

Anita has assimilated these animals into her existing scheme by using the word "dog" to refer to all animals, which means she is incorporating new experiences into her existing cognitive framework without changing it.

Question 10

Schemes are:

Accepted Answer

Schemes are mental representations that organize knowledge. They help individuals make sense of the world by categorizing and organizing information. Option B (the incorporation of new information into existing knowledge) is more closely related to the concept of assimilation, while option C (groups of behaviors) is more closely related to the concept of routines. Option D (knowledge that has been adjusted to fit new experiences) is more closely related to the concept of accommodation.

Question 11

Baby Max watches his mother jingle her keys in front of him. After several minutes, he looks away no longer interested. This would indicate that he has habituated as he is showing a _____ to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Habituation is a decrease in responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus. In this scenario, Baby Max became less interested in the jingling keys, indicating habituation or a decreased responsiveness to the stimulus. Therefore, option A (decreased responsiveness) is the best choice. Options B, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of habituation.

Question 12

The "visual cliff" experiment was used to measure:

Accepted Answer

The "visual cliff" experiment was specifically designed to measure depth perception in infants and young animals. They would place a clear glass surface with a checkerboard pattern on one side and a drop-off on the other. Infants would be placed on the checkerboard side, and if they were hesitant to crawl onto the clear side, it would suggest that they were able to perceive depth and were wary of the drop-off. This experiment was crucial in demonstrating that depth perception is an innate ability in humans and animals.

Question 13

Jean Piaget's concept of grouping isolated behaviors into a higher-order system is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's concept of organizing isolated behaviors into a higher-order system is referred to as organization. Assimilation and equilibration refer to other aspects of Piaget's theory, while amalgamation is not a term used by Piaget.

Question 14

Jean Piaget believed that children:

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes that children actively construct their own understanding of the world through their experiences and interactions with the environment. This means that they are not simply passive recipients of information, but rather they actively process and manipulate information in order to develop their own understanding of the world.

Question 15

The experience of our world as a smooth, unitary episode is made possible by intermodal:

Accepted Answer

Intermodal perception refers to the integration of information from different sensory modalities, such as sight and sound, to create a coherent perception of the world. This integration allows us to perceive the world as a smooth, unitary experience. Therefore, the correct choice is perception (B).

Question 16

Three-year-old Jesse used to call all moving vehicles "car." He now accurately categorizes moving vehicles into trucks, cars, motorcycles, and buses. Jesse has _____ to fit new information into his existing scheme.

Accepted Answer

Jesse has accommodated to fit new information into his existing scheme by adjusting or creating new categories for moving vehicles.

Question 17

_____ occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account.

Accepted Answer

Accommodation is the process by which children adjust their existing cognitive structures (schemes) to incorporate new information or experiences. It involves modifying or creating new schemes to fit with the new information. Accommodation is one of two processes of adaptation, the other being assimilation.

Question 18

Benji starts calling his father "dad", but he also calls all men that he sees "dad." According to Piaget, this error is due to _____.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children go through a process of assimilation, where they take in new experiences and try to fit them into their existing schemas or mental representations. However, when the new experiences do not fit into their existing schemas, they must accommodate their schemas to fit the new experiences. In this case, Benji is trying to fit all men he sees into the schema of "dad", which is an example of assimilation.

Question 19

_____ perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities.

Accepted Answer

Intermodal perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities, such as hearing and seeing, to form a coherent perception of the world. Extramodal perception refers to the perception of stimuli that do not fit into any of the traditional sensory modalities, while intramodal perception involves integrating information from within a single sensory modality. Multimodal perception is a broader term that encompasses all types of perception involving multiple sensory modalities.

Question 20

In the visual cliff experiment by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk, most babies encouraged to crawl onto the deep side of the visual cliff would:

Accepted Answer

Most babies in the visual cliff experiment by Gibson and Walk would not crawl onto the cliff side, indicating that they have developed depth perception and understand the visual depth cue.

Quiz 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy