Question 1

found that _______ greatly decreased intervention.

Accepted Answer

The presence of other bystanders greatly decreased intervention, known as the "bystander effect."

Question 2

According to the text,the _______ provides the classic illustration of pure altruism.

Accepted Answer

The parable of the Good Samaritan provides the classic illustration of pure altruism, as the Samaritan helps a stranger in need without any expectation of personal gain or reward. The other options (A, C, D) do not relate to pure altruism in the same way.

Question 3

Define altruism and provide an example of it.

Accepted Answer

Altruism is the principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others without any expectation of reward, recognition, or return. It involves selfless acts that put the needs or well-being of others before one's own. Altruistic behavior is often seen as a hallmark of prosocial behavior, where individuals act to benefit society and contribute to the social good.

An example of altruism can be seen in everyday life when a person donates blood to help strangers who may need a transfusion. The donor does not gain any direct benefit from this act and often does not know who will receive their blood, yet they choose to undergo the inconvenience and discomfort of the donation process to potentially save lives. This act is altruistic because it is motivated by a desire to help others without any expectation of personal gain.

Question 4

Latané and Darley attempted to explain people's failure to intervene in cases like that of Kitty Genovese in terms of

Accepted Answer

Latané and Darley's theory, known as the bystander effect, suggests that people are less likely to intervene in emergency situations when there are numerous people around because they assume someone else will help. This explanation relates to situational influences rather than personality traits or mood factors. The theory does not touch upon the idea of selfish genes.

Question 5

You are asked to participate in a blood drive.In thinking about doing so,you weigh the costs (e.g.,being pricked by a needle)and benefits (e.g.,feeling good about yourself)of doing so.This strategy can be predicted by the

Accepted Answer

The weighing of costs and benefits in deciding whether to participate in the blood drive is consistent with the social-exchange theory, which posits that people engage in social interactions (such as blood donation) based on a calculation of costs and benefits. The empathy-altruism hypothesis suggests that people may altruistically help others without considering personal costs or benefits, and the social responsibility norm suggests that people have a moral obligation to help others in need, regardless of personal costs or benefits. The social comparison theory suggests that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions through comparison with others, which is not directly relevant to this scenario.

Question 6

According to the bystander effect,

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to intervene and help when other people are present. This is because everyone assumes that someone else will take responsibility for helping, leading to inaction on the part of any individual bystander.

Question 7

The notion that humans interact in such a way as to minimize costs and maximize rewards to the self is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The notion that humans interact in such a way as to minimize costs and maximize rewards to the self is referred to as the social-exchange theory. This theory proposes that individuals engage in conscious, rational calculations about the costs and benefits of social interactions and relationships, and seek to maximize their own self-interest in decision-making.

Question 8

A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack.According to Darley and Latané,what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stranger has collapsed on a city...

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why Sabrina stopped to open a door for a mother carrying her crying child in one arm and holding the hand of her elderly father with her other?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best explains why...

Question 10

In the experimental studies of bystander non-intervention,researchers have

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the experimental studies of bystander non-intervention,researchers...

Question 11

The bystander effect reflects the fact that

Accepted Answer

The answer of The bystander effect reflects the fact that
...

Question 12

The fact that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

Accepted Answer

The fact that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called the bystander effect.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Darley and Latané's decision tree?

Accepted Answer

The steps in Darley and Latané's decision tree are noticing the incident, interpreting the incident as an emergency, assuming responsibility for intervening, and knowing how to help. Weighing the costs and benefits of helping is not one of the steps.

Question 14

had university students complete questionnaires in a small room,and then had smoke pour into the room from a wall vent.Students who were working _______ tended to notice the smoke in _______.

Accepted Answer

According to the passage, students who were working alone noticed the smoke in less than five seconds.

Question 15

Darley and Latané described a sequence of decisions a bystander must make before he or she will intervene in an emergency.Which of the following is NOT one of the specific steps?

Accepted Answer

While assessing the victim's desire for help may be a consideration, it is not specifically listed as one of the steps in the bystander intervention model proposed by Darley and Latané. The three specific steps are: noticing the incident, interpreting the incident as an emergency, and assuming personal responsibility for intervening.

Question 16

The motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests defines

Accepted Answer

The definition provided describes the concept of altruism, which involves helping others without regard for oneself. The social responsibility norm involves feeling obligated to help others, but it may not always involve a lack of concern for personal interests. Egoism is the opposite of altruism, as it involves prioritizing one's own self-interests over the well-being of others. The social-exchange theory suggests that individuals will help others when it is beneficial to them in some way, such as when they expect to receive something in return.

Question 17

Before agreeing to help out at the local homeless shelter,Sharon weighs the costs (e.g.,getting up at dawn)and benefits (e.g.,feeling good about herself)of doing so.This strategy can be predicted by the

Accepted Answer

This strategy is based on the social-exchange theory, which posits that people weigh the costs and benefits of any social exchange or interaction before deciding whether to engage in it or not.

Question 18

You were walking down the street with your friend Sabrina when she stopped to ask a child why he was crying.The boy said that he was lost,so Sabrina took time out of her busy day to help the child find his way home.Sabrina's behavior can be characterized by

Accepted Answer

Sabrina's behavior of helping a lost child without any expectation of reward or benefit to herself exemplifies the concept of altruism.

Question 19

You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle.According to research on the bystander effect,a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are _______ others present.

Accepted Answer

Research on the bystander effect has shown that the presence of other people can actually decrease the likelihood of someone offering aid. This is because individuals in a group may assume that someone else will take action or feel a diffusion of responsibility. Therefore, the presence of no others would make it more likely for a stranger to offer aid.

Question 20

When Sally missed class Joe loaned her his notes.According to _____,when Joe misses class Sally should share her notes.

Accepted Answer

The reciprocity norm is based on the idea that people should help those who have helped them in the past. In this scenario, Joe helped Sally by loaning her his notes, so according to the reciprocity norm, Sally should help Joe by sharing her notes when he misses class. The other choices do not apply in this situation.

Quiz 30: When Do People Help