Question 1

If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation,they are unable to _____.

Accepted Answer

Conservation is the understanding that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape. If children cannot grasp this concept, they will not be able to recognize this fundamental principle and apply it in later life.

Question 2

Which of the following characterizes pubertal change in adolescents?

Accepted Answer

The peak of pubertal change, including the onset of menstruation for girls and the development of testes and sperm production for boys, typically occurs at an average age of 11½ for girls and 13½ for boys. Option A is incorrect because hormones alone are not solely responsible for adolescent behavior. Option B is incorrect because estradiol is a female hormone, and it is testosterone that is associated with the development of genitals, an increase in height, and voice change in boys. Option C is incorrect because there is a dramatic increase in the concentration of certain hormones during puberty, such as testosterone and estrogen.

Question 3

Adolescents often have difficulty controlling their emotions and making sound decisions about risky behavior.Brain research suggests that this is due to the fact that during adolescence _____.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala, involved in processing emotions, develops earlier than the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making and impulse control. This developmental imbalance contributes to adolescents' difficulty in controlling emotions and making sound decisions regarding risky behavior.

Question 4

You arrange two rows of pennies so they are equal in length.A child views the rows and states that they have the same amount of pennies.You spread out the pennies in the bottom row so it is longer than the top row.The child now states that the bottom row has more pennies.This child is in which of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

This child is in the preoperational stage, where they struggle with conservation tasks (the understanding that an object's properties remain the same even when its appearance changes). In this case, the child is focusing on the length of the rows rather than the number of pennies, indicating a lack of conservation of number.

Question 5

Most adults reach their peak physical development during their _____.

Accepted Answer

Most individuals reach their peak physical development during their 20s, with strength and endurance peaking around age 25. After the age of 30, there is a gradual decline in physical capability.

Question 6

According to Piaget,egocentrism refers to young children's _____.

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism refers to the cognitive limitation in which young children have difficulty in taking another person's mental state into account. For example, a young child might assume that others know what they know or feel what they feel, without recognizing that this is not necessarily the case.

Question 7

The free-radical theory states that aging is caused by _____.

Accepted Answer

The free-radical theory proposes that aging is caused by accumulated damage to cellular components, especially DNA, caused by free radicals, highly reactive molecules that can damage cells and tissues.

Question 8

Which of the following refers to a period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Puberty refers to the period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence, typically between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and between the ages of 9 and 14 in boys. The other options refer to different developmental stages or periods, such as the sensorimotor stage (first stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development), preoperational stage (second stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development), and menopause (a natural biological process that occurs in women in midlife, marking the end of reproductive years).

Question 9

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development,the first stage of cognitive development that lasts from birth to about 2 years of age is the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development identifies the first stage as the sensorimotor stage that lasts from birth to about 2 years of age. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and motor actions. They develop object permanence and begin to understand cause and effect relationships. The preoperational stage (A) occurs from 2 to 7 years, while the concrete operational stage (B) occurs from 7 to 11 years, and the formal operational stage (D) occurs from age 11 and up.

Question 10

According to _____,as we age our cells become less capable of dividing.

Accepted Answer

The cellular-clock theory suggests that as we age, our cells become less capable of dividing due to limitations in how many times they can replicate, causing the body to ultimately fail. The hormonal stress theory suggests that aging is due to changes in hormonal levels, while the free-radical theory suggests that aging is caused by damage to cells from free radicals. Erikson's theory of socioemotional development is unrelated to the cellular changes that occur during aging.

Question 11

Which theory of aging has focused on the role of chronic stress in reducing immune system functioning?

Accepted Answer

The theory that has focused on the role of chronic stress in reducing immune system functioning is the hormonal stress theory. This theory suggests that stress leads to increased cortisol production, which in turn can reduce immune system functioning and contribute to the aging process.

Question 12

"Out of sight,out of mind" can describe the behavior of a child who lacks the concept of _____.

Accepted Answer

"Out of sight, out of mind" refers to the belief that an object or person no longer exists when it is no longer visible. This is a concept related to object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 13

According to Piaget,accommodation occurs when individuals _____.

Accepted Answer

Accommodation refers to the process of adjusting one's existing schemas or creating new ones in response to new information or experiences. It is a key aspect of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which emphasizes the active role that individuals play in constructing their understanding of the world. Option B refers to assimilation, which involves fitting new information into existing schemas, rather than adjusting them. Options C and D are unrelated to Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 14

Samantha gives both her 3-year-old and her 4-year-old children identically shaped glasses of juice in order to avoid conflict over who has the most.Samantha is showing her awareness of what limitation in her children's thinking skills?

Accepted Answer

Samantha is aware that her children have not yet developed the concept of conservation, which is the understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even if its shape or appearance changes. By giving both children identical glasses, she is preventing them from perceiving one glass as having more juice than the other based on its shape or size.

Question 15

You tried to play peek-a-boo with your 6-month-old nephew,but whenever you hid your face,he would cry.You try it again three months later,and now he laughs and enjoys the game,trying to uncover your face with his hands.Your nephew has begun to develop _____.

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. At 6 months of age, infants have not yet fully developed this concept, which is why the baby cried when the face disappeared during peek-a-boo. However, by 9 months of age, infants typically begin to develop object permanence, which allows them to understand that the face (or any other object) is still there, even if they can't see it. This is why the baby is now able to enjoy playing peek-a-boo and actively participate in the game. Egocentrism, hindsight bias, and conservation are concepts that are typically not fully developed until later stages of development.

Question 16

_____ is the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the brain or the other.

Accepted Answer

Lateralization refers to the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the brain or the other. This means that certain functions and abilities, such as language and spatial processing, tend to be more dominant in either the left or right hemisphere of the brain.

Question 17

Research on adolescent brain development has shown that the _____ is involved with emotional reactions,whereas the _____ is involved with reasoning and decision making.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is involved with emotional reactions, while the prefrontal cortex is responsible for reasoning and decision making.

Question 18

In a female embryo,what allows for the development of female sex organs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a female embryo,what allows for the...

Question 19

Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development is characterized by egocentric thought?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's preoperational stage, between the ages of 2-7 years, is characterized by egocentric thought. Children at this stage are unable to take the perspective of others and tend to attribute their own thoughts, feelings, and beliefs to others. They also struggle with conservation tasks, such as understanding that a liquid in a tall, thin glass is equal in amount to a liquid in a short, wide glass.

Question 20

Most children successfully acquire conservation skills during the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Conservation skills involve the ability to understand that an object's physical properties remain the same despite changes in its shape or arrangement. Children typically acquire these skills during the concrete operational stage of cognitive development, which occurs between ages 7 and 11. During this stage, children become capable of logical reasoning and can understand concepts like conservation. In contrast, the preoperational stage (ages 2 to 7) is characterized by egocentric thinking and limited understanding of cause and effect. The sensorimotor stage (ages 0 to 2) is focused on developing sensorimotor skills and understanding the world through sensation and movement, while the formal operational stage (ages 11 to adulthood) involves abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking.

Quiz 8: Human Development