Question 1

Michael has schizophrenia.His doctor prescribed a new drug that blocks or interferes with the activity of dopamine.Michael's doctor is using _____ to treat his disorder.

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia has been linked to overactivity of dopamine in certain areas of the brain, so treatment often involves blocking or reducing the effects of dopamine. Therefore, Michael's doctor is using an antagonist, a drug that blocks or interferes with the activity of a neurotransmitter (in this case, dopamine) to treat his disorder.

Question 2

Stern Tyler,a neuroscientist who is collecting data for a new research study,uses techniques for monitoring the amount of glucose in various areas of the brain.Which of the following methods is Stern Tyler using in this study?

Accepted Answer

Stern Tyler is using positron emission tomography (PET scan) to monitor the amount of glucose in various areas of the brain. This technique involves injecting a small amount of radioactive glucose into the bloodstream and then using a scanner to detect the areas of the brain that are most active, as these areas will be using more glucose. This can provide valuable information about which areas of the brain are involved in different types of cognitive processing. Brain lesioning is a technique that involves damaging or removing specific areas of the brain to study the effects on behavior, staining is a technique used to visualize specific cells or structures in the brain, and electroencephalogram (EEG) is a technique used to measure the electrical activity of the brain.

Question 3

Neuroscientists who surgically remove,destroy,or eliminate the brain tissue of laboratory animals are using which of the following techniques for studying the brain?

Accepted Answer

Brain lesioning involves surgically removing, destroying, or eliminating specific areas of brain tissue, which enables researchers to study the functions of different brain regions. This technique is commonly used in animal research to investigate the effects of brain damage on behavior and cognition.

Question 4

Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Low levels of dopamine have been linked to Parkinson's disease, a neurological disorder that causes tremors, stiffness and difficulty with movement. Options A, C and D are incorrect as high levels of oxytocin have been linked to social behavior, low levels of acetylcholine to memory impairment, and high levels of serotonin to mood regulation, respectively.

Question 5

Your relative is experiencing memory loss related to Alzheimer disease.Research suggests that the decline in memory is due to a(n)_____ deficiency in this individual's brain.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that Alzheimer's disease is associated with a deficiency in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This deficiency affects the hippocampus, which is responsible for memory consolidation and retrieval. Medications that increase acetylcholine levels have been developed to treat Alzheimer's disease.

Question 6

_____ are chemical substances that are stored in very tiny sacs within the terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron.

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that are stored in tiny sacs within the terminal buttons and are involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron. Option B) Axons are the long thread-like part of the neuron that carries signals away from the cell body. Option C) Synapses are the tiny gap between two neurons that neurotransmitters have to cross to transmit information. Option D) Dendrites are the branch-like structures of neurons that receive signals from other neurons.

Question 7

Depression is associated with low levels of which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Low levels of serotonin have been linked to depression. Serotonin is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep, among other functions.

Question 8

Electrical activity in the brain can be captured by placing multiple electrodes on the scalp and then measuring the underlying electrical activity.This method of studying the brain's activity is called a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the method of capturing electrical activity in the brain by placing multiple electrodes on the scalp and then measuring the underlying electrical activity. PET, MRI, and fMRI are different methods of brain imaging that do not involve measuring electrical activity directly.

Question 9

A powerful surge of oxytocin is released in a _____.

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is known as the "bonding hormone" and is released during intimate moments, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Therefore, the best choice is D, as it describes a mother who has just given birth.

Question 10

An _____ is a drug that mimics or increases a neurotransmitter's effects whereas an _____ is a drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effect.

Accepted Answer

An agonist is a drug that mimics or increases a neurotransmitter's effects, while an antagonist is a drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effect. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer. Choices C and D involve specific neurotransmitters rather than drug actions. Choice B reverses the roles of agonist and antagonist, making it incorrect.

Question 11

Which part of the nervous system regulates breathing and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

The medulla, located in the brainstem, regulates automatic functions like breathing and heart rate.

Question 12

The medulla,cerebellum,and pons are parts of the _____.

Accepted Answer

The medulla, cerebellum, and pons are all structures that make up the hindbrain. The hindbrain is the posterior part of the brain that controls autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion, as well as motor control and coordination.

Question 13

Which of the following indicates elevated levels of endorphins?

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are released by the body in response to pain or stress. Amy, who was in shock after a car wreck, is likely experiencing elevated levels of endorphins.

Question 14

Marshall damaged his cerebellum in a car accident.Marshal is likely to have problems with _____.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for balance and muscle coordination, so damage to this region would likely cause issues in these areas.

Question 15

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in _____.

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is mainly involved in the skeletal muscle control and also plays a crucial role in learning and memory processes.

Question 16

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)is a technique that _____.

Accepted Answer

MRI involves creating a magnetic field around a person's body and using radio waves to construct images of a person's tissues and biochemical activities. Option A refers to positron emission tomography (PET) scan, option B refers to computed tomography (CT) scanning, and option C refers to studies that examine the effects of brain damage on behavior or cognitive functioning.

Question 17

_____ inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system,but it excites the heart muscle,intestines,and urogenital tract.

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system, but it excites the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract. Serotonin and dopamine are neurotransmitters that are involved in the regulation of mood, behavior, and other functions in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces the activity of neurons in the brain.

Question 18

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)is a technique that _____.

Accepted Answer

fMRI allows scientists to see what is happening in the brain while it is working, by measuring changes in blood flow and oxygenation in response to neural activity.

Question 19

Mark Johnson,a doctor in Dallas,prescribed an antidepressant drug Prozac to his patient,Ted.Prozac works by increasing brain levels of serotonin.This means that Prozac is considered _____.

Accepted Answer

Prozac is considered an agonist because it mimics the activity of serotonin by increasing its levels in the brain. An agonist is a substance that binds to a receptor and activates it.

Question 20

Arnold Becker,a doctor in Seattle,needs information about the location and extent of damage involving stroke and loss of memory of his patient,Judith.Which of the following techniques will he most likely use to diagnose Judith's condition?

Accepted Answer

A CAT scan is the most appropriate choice for diagnosing the location and extent of damage in cases of stroke or loss of memory. Brain lesioning involves creating targeted damage to specific areas of the brain, which is not necessary in this case. A PET scan is primarily used to measure brain activity and would not be the best choice for diagnosing structural damage. An EEG is used to measure brain waves and is not typically used to diagnose specific conditions like stroke or memory loss.

Quiz 2: The Brain and Behavior