Question 1

Cultural relativism is typically associated with managers from developed nations.

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativism is a concept that values and respects different cultures and their practices without judging them compared to one's own culture. It is not limited to managers from developed nations but is instead relevant for all individuals and organizations that operate in diverse cultural settings.

Question 2

The naïve immoralist approach to ethics holds that the moral worth of actions and practices is determined by their consequences.

Accepted Answer

The naïve immoralist approach argues that if a society or individual deems an action as morally acceptable, then it is not appropriate for outsiders to criticize that action based on their own moral standards. It does not focus on the consequences of actions but rather on the acceptance of those actions within a particular moral framework.

Question 3

Justice theories are attributed to the philosopher Kenneth Lay.

Accepted Answer

Justice theories are a branch of philosophy that has been explored by many philosophers throughout history. While Kenneth Lay was a notable American businessman, he is not known for developing justice theories. Some philosophers associated with justice theories include Aristotle, Thomas Hobbes, John Rawls, and Amartya Sen.

Question 4

The ethical obligations of a multinational corporation toward employment conditions,human rights,and corruption are not always clear-cut.

Accepted Answer

The ethical obligations of a multinational corporation can vary depending on the country, industry, and cultural norms in the region. As a result, determining appropriate employment conditions, human rights, and anti-corruption measures can be complex and not always clear-cut. Multinational corporations have a responsibility to uphold ethical business practices, but the extent of their obligations may vary depending on their specific circumstances.

Question 5

Business ethics are separate and different from personal ethics.

Accepted Answer

Business ethics and personal ethics are interconnected because the moral and ethical decisions individuals make in their personal lives often reflect the choices they make in their professional lives. Personal ethics form the foundation upon which business ethics are built, influencing how individuals behave in business environments.

Question 6

Identify and discuss the ethics theory that is attributed to philosopher John Rawls.In which category is this theory placed when discussing ethical conduct? Discuss the two fundamental principles of this theory of justice.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Cultural relativism is the belief that ethics are nothing more than the reflection of a culture.

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativism posits that moral principles and values are not absolutes, but are shaped by cultural and societal norms. Therefore, what is considered right or wrong is relative to a particular culture, and there is no universal moral standard that applies to all societies.

Question 8

Organization culture refers to the vales and norms that are shared among employees of an organization.

Accepted Answer

Organization culture involves the shared values, beliefs, and practices that shape the behavior of employees within an organization.

Question 9

An example of a "straw man" argument is the Friedman Doctrine.

Accepted Answer

The Friedman Doctrine can be considered a straw man argument because it is often misrepresented and exaggerated as an extreme defense of shareholder primacy and neglect of social responsibility. In reality, it is a nuanced argument that emphasizes the importance of profit as a means of achieving societal goals, rather than an end in itself.

Question 10

Differentiate and describe business ethics and ethical business strategy.Discuss how the two interrelate.Describe what impact having an ethical organizational strategy can have on international business transactions.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Identify the most common ethical issues that may arise in the international business setting.Discuss the roots of these issues.Discuss how managers of international firms should address such issues.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Identify the rationales for why mangers of businesses may act or react in a manner that reflects unethical behaviour.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

A code of ethics is a formal statement of the ethical priorities a business adheres to.

Accepted Answer

A code of ethics is indeed a formal statement of the ethical priorities a business adheres to. It outlines the guiding principles and values that an organization follows in its decision-making and actions.

Question 14

Rights theories were developed in the nineteenth century.

Accepted Answer

Rights theories have a history that dates back to ancient times, but the modern development of rights theories began in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries with Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Question 15

Describe the nature of ethical dilemmas.Provide one example of an ethical dilemma that an international organization may face.Discuss how organizations and their managers can successfully address such dilemmas.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Discuss the philosophical approaches to ethics.Describe the approaches that are favoured by most moral philosophers and form the basis for current models of ethical behaviour in international business.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Which article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights relates directly to employment? Identify the provisions found within this particular article.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

The climate in some businesses does not encourage people to think through the ethical consequences of business decisions.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. In some businesses, the focus is solely on profit and success, and ethical considerations may be sidelined or ignored altogether. Employees may feel pressure to make decisions that prioritize short-term gains over long-term consequences or ethical implications.

Question 19

Situations in which none of the available alternatives seems ethically acceptable present an ethical dilemma.

Accepted Answer

An ethical dilemma is a situation in which none of the available alternatives seems ethically acceptable. This can create a moral conundrum for individuals or organizations who must make a decision that aligns with their ethical values.

Question 20

The concept of corporate social responsibility refers to the idea that businesspeople should consider the social consequences of economic actions when making business decisions.

Accepted Answer

The concept of corporate social responsibility is based on the idea that businesses have responsibilities to society beyond generating profits, and should consider the social and environmental impacts of their decisions.

Quiz 4: Ethics in International Business