Question 1

According to Max Weber,Protestantism encouraged capitalism's development by:

Accepted Answer

According to Max Weber's theory, Protestantism encouraged capitalism's development through its ethic of hard work, self-discipline, individualism, and frugality. Weber argued that the Protestant work ethic encouraged individuals to accumulate wealth not for its own sake but as a sign of God's favor and as a means to support religious activities and good works. This attitude towards wealth creation and accumulation helped to create the conditions that led to the rise of capitalism.

Question 2

The rise of Islamic fundamentalism is,in part,a response to the:

Accepted Answer

The rise of Islamic fundamentalism is often seen as a response to the movement towards modernization in traditional Islamic societies. This is because fundamentalists believe that traditional religious values have been eroded by Western influences and modernization, and seek to return to a more conservative interpretation of Islam. They view Westernization as a threat to Islamic identity, culture, and values, and thus often advocate for a strict adherence to traditional Islamic beliefs and practices.

Question 3

Muslim countries are likely to be receptive to international businesses as long as those businesses:

Accepted Answer

As Islam places great emphasis on ethical values and principles of fairness, international businesses that act in accordance with Islamic ethics are likely to be well-regarded in Muslim countries.

Question 4

Which of the following is the most dominant religion in the world in terms of numbers of adherents?

Accepted Answer

Christianity is the most dominant religion in the world in terms of the number of adherents, with over 2 billion followers globally.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about the class system in the United States when compared to the British class system?

Accepted Answer

Successful individuals from humble origins are highly respected in American society, reflecting the value placed on upward mobility and the "American Dream."

Question 6

Which of the following is most likely to be the result of high degrees of class consciousness in societies?

Accepted Answer

An antagonistic relationship between management and labor classes, and the resulting lack of cooperation and high level of industrial disruption, tends to raise the costs of production in countries characterized by significant class divisions. In turn, this can make it more difficult for companies based in such countries to establish a competitive advantage in the global economy.

Question 7

Mountland Republic follows a system of social stratification that allows for flexibility in terms of social mobility.In this system of open stratification the status of a person is solely determined by his or her own socioeconomic achievements.Mountland Republic is most likely to be following a _____ system of social stratification.

Accepted Answer

The description of Mountland Republic's system of social stratification indicates that it is not based on inherited characteristics or membership in a particular social group (such as a caste or religion), but rather on individual achievement. This is characteristic of a class system, which allows for social mobility based on economic and educational success.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of Islam?

Accepted Answer

Islam forbids the consumption of pork and alcohol.

Question 9

Although the number of societies with caste systems diminished rapidly during the twentieth century,one partial example still remains in:

Accepted Answer

India is the country where the caste system is most prevalent, although efforts have been made to eliminate it. The other countries listed do not have a traditional caste system.

Question 10

In the Republic of Cedia,people are extremely conscious about their social backgrounds.This in turn regulates their relationships with members of other classes.As a result of the heightened class consciousness:

Accepted Answer

The heightened class consciousness in Cedia will likely lead to an antagonistic relationship between the management and labor classes, as each class will strive to maintain their social status and protect their interests. This can lead to disputes and conflicts between the two classes. Choices A, B, and C are unlikely outcomes of heightened class consciousness, and choice E may not necessarily be true as social status may still play a role in the level of respect an individual receives.

Question 11

A _____ system is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born,and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime.

Accepted Answer

A caste system is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime. Merit and economic systems are based on individual achievement and wealth, respectively, and class and bureaucratic systems allow for some mobility between social positions.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about social stratification?

Accepted Answer

Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals into different social strata or classes. Individuals are typically born into a particular social stratum based on factors such as family background, education, occupation, and income. While some societies have more rigid systems of social stratification, such as caste systems, there is generally some degree of mobility between social strata. Therefore, statement B is true. Statements A and D are false because the most rigid system of social stratification is a caste system, and Britain is an example of a class system, not a caste system. Statement C is false because social mobility is possible, although it may be more difficult for individuals born into lower social strata. Statement E is also false because individuals born into strata toward the bottom of the social hierarchy typically have fewer resources and opportunities and may face greater challenges than those born into higher strata.

Question 13

Islam has roots in both Judaism and _____.

Accepted Answer

Islam has roots in Judaism and Christianity. Both religions are considered Abrahamic religions, and Muslims believe that all three religions share the same God and many of the same prophets, including Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.

Question 14

In 1904,_____ theorized that there was a relationship between Protestantism and the emergence of modern capitalism.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber proposed the idea of the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism in his book published in 1904. He argued that certain values and beliefs of Protestantism, particularly Calvinism, played a significant role in the development of modern capitalism. This idea is now known as Weber's thesis.

Question 15

In a country called Burnada,the citizens are restricted from moving out of the strata they are born into.Also,individuals are allowed to engage only in the occupation associated with their particular strata.The system of social stratification being practiced in Burnada can be identified as a:

Accepted Answer

The system being practiced in Burnada is a caste system. In a caste system, one's social status is determined by birth and is rigidly fixed. Movement between castes is not allowed, and individuals are restricted to certain occupations based on their caste. This is exactly what is happening in Burnada, making it a clear example of a caste system.

Question 16

_____ refers to a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background,and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes.

Accepted Answer

Class consciousness refers to a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background, and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes. Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups from one social class to another. Cross-culture literacy refers to the ability to navigate and understand different cultural norms and values. Social awareness refers to the understanding of social issues and problems. Class representativeness is not a commonly used term in the study of sociology or social sciences.

Question 17

Which of the following is a religion that prohibits the payment or receipt of interest,as it is considered to be usury?

Accepted Answer

Islam prohibits the payment or receipt of interest, as it is considered to be usury. This principle is known as riba and is mentioned in the Quran. Islamic finance uses alternative methods such as profit-sharing, leasing, or cost-plus models to avoid interest-based transactions.

Question 18

A _____ system is a form of open stratification in which the position a person has by birth can be changed through his or her own achievements or luck.

Accepted Answer

In a class system, individuals are free to achieve social mobility through their own efforts and personal achievements. This is different from a caste system, where one's social status is determined by birth and cannot be changed, regardless of an individual's achievements or personal abilities. Ranks and grades are measures of achievement, but do not necessarily lead to social mobility. Merit is a concept that can be applied to both caste and class systems, but does not represent the specific type of social stratification being described in this question.

Question 19

_____ are defined as hierarchical social categories,often based on family background,occupation,and income.

Accepted Answer

The term "social strata" refers to social categories that are arranged in a hierarchical manner according to factors such as family background, occupation, and income. This term is commonly used in the field of sociology to describe the different levels of social status and power within a society.

Question 20

_____ is an ethical system that has influenced behavior and shaped culture in parts of Asia,however it cannot be considered as a religion.

Accepted Answer

Confucianism is an ethical and philosophical system that originated in China and has greatly influenced behavior and shaped culture in parts of East and Southeast Asia. It does not have a belief in a god or gods, and therefore cannot be considered a religion in the traditional sense.

Quiz 4: National Differences in Culture