Question 1

You conduct an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new drug in controlling blood sugar levels in diabetics.Unfortunately,half the participants experienced nausea.Nausea would be considered

Accepted Answer

Nausea is a side effect, which is an unintended and typically undesirable effect that can occur as a result of taking a medication or undergoing a medical treatment. It is not a control effect, which refers to the intentional manipulation of variables in an experiment to establish a baseline for comparison. It is also not an experimental effect or a tangential effect, which are not commonly used terms in the context of drug testing. Lastly, it is not a placebo effect, which is the phenomenon of experiencing a response to a treatment that has no actual therapeutic effect.

Question 2

You have two experiments to review.One looks at 1000 of the 1,000,000 rabbits in an area.The other study looks at 100 of the 100,000 wolves in an area.Is one study more statistically accurate than the other? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have two experiments to review.One looks...

Question 3

What is/are the major factor(s)affecting the strength of a conclusion?

Accepted Answer

The strength of a conclusion is affected by the sample size and the type of study carried out. Therefore, both A (sample size) and D (type of study) are the major factors affecting the strength of a conclusion.

Question 4

Experiments with a small sample size are ____ likely to produce statistically significant results than experiments with a large sample size.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experiments with a small sample size are...

Question 5

You are reviewing the results of five similar experiments,but each had a different sample size.Which of the following experiments has the most reliable results?

Accepted Answer

Larger sample sizes generally provide more reliable results because they reduce the impact of outliers and increase the likelihood that the sample accurately represents the population. Therefore, the experiment with a sample size of 100,000 would be considered the most reliable.

Question 6

Why does having a large sample size give more reliable results?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does having a large sample size...

Question 7

A positive correlation in a scientific study means

Accepted Answer

The answer of A positive correlation in a scientific study...

Question 8

A correlation in a scientific study indicates

Accepted Answer

Correlation indicates a possible link between two variables, but it does not necessarily mean that one variable causes the other. Further research is needed to establish causation.

Question 9

A large sample size is important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Large sample sizes do not necessarily increase the likelihood that a very rare result will be noticed. In fact, if the event is extremely rare, a very large sample size may still not be enough to capture it. However, all of the other answer choices are true and important reasons for why large sample sizes are important.

Question 10

Explain the importance of sample size in experiments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the importance of sample size in...

Question 11

I carried out a series of experiments testing the effect of caffeine on mice.I used two mice.I fed one mouse caffeinated water and fed the other plain water.I then measured the ability of each mouse to find its way through a maze.I timed their progress.My results were exciting and conclusive,the caffeinated mouse found his way through the maze much more rapidly and accurately than the non-caffeinated mouse.I sent my results to a peer-reviewed journal but they rejected my paper.They said the results were not valid.Why?

Accepted Answer

The study lacked a sufficient sample size, using only two mice, which undermines the statistical validity and generalizability of the findings.

Question 12

All of the following are true of side effects EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Side effects do not always invalidate the results of the study. While they may impact data interpretation or be considered problematic, they may not necessarily negate the overall findings of the study.

Question 13

A small sample size

Accepted Answer

A small sample size can lead to unreliable results and inaccurate conclusions. Therefore, it is important for scientific studies to have a sufficient sample size in order to increase the validity of the results. While a small sample size may be used in some circumstances, it is not usually a benefit to researchers and may not allow for the use of dependent and independent variables. Option A is incorrect because a high degree of statistical significance cannot be guaranteed with a small sample size. Option B is incorrect because small sample sizes may be acceptable in certain situations. Option D is incorrect because the use of dependent and independent variables is not dependent on sample size but rather the research design.

Question 14

Many chemicals can cause positive reactions in the human system but may also cause a variety of negative effects.These are called

Accepted Answer

Side effects are the unintended and often negative effects that a chemical can cause in the human system. While they may produce positive reactions, they also have the potential to cause harm or undesirable symptoms. Therefore, the term "side effect" is commonly used to describe these negative outcomes. The other choices do not accurately describe this concept.

Question 15

If you read about several studies on the effectiveness of a new drug to treat diabetes,which of the following would give you the most confidence in the results?

Accepted Answer

The best choice is three studies done the same way, each with 1000 people because it provides the most amount of data and ensures that the results are consistent across multiple studies with a large sample size. This increases the reliability and validity of the results.

Question 16

Which sample group would give the most statistically significant data?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which sample group would give the most...

Question 17

Scientific studies within a single ethnic population

Accepted Answer

Scientific studies within a single ethnic population may miss correlations in other ethnicities as different ethnic groups may have different genetic or environmental factors that can affect the outcomes of the study. Therefore, the results cannot be generalized to other ethnicities without further research.

Question 18

A positive correlation on a memory test and drinking coffee would show

Accepted Answer

A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases. Therefore, as coffee consumption increases, memory test score also increases.

Question 19

A negative correlation in a scientific study means

Accepted Answer

A negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases. This is the opposite of a positive correlation where both variables increase or decrease together.

Question 20

Scientific studies involving a subjectively assessed benefit (i.e.,caffeine and enhanced memory recall)can be complicated by

Accepted Answer

Scientific studies involving subjectively assessed benefits can be complicated by various factors, including too few observations, improper controls, poor subject selection, and side effects from the drug. Therefore, all options (A, B, C, D) are potentially valid choices.

Quiz 1: The Process of Science Java Report