Question 1

In principle, a hologram is a result of which of the following properties of light?

Accepted Answer

A hologram is created through the process of interference of light waves. When a hologram is created, a laser beam is split into two parts - one part is used to illuminate the object and the other part is used as a reference beam. The light waves from both beams interfere with each other to create a complex pattern of light and dark areas, which is recorded on a photographic plate or film. When the hologram is later illuminated with a laser beam, the recorded interference pattern re-creates the original object in three dimensions.

Question 2

What is the energy of a photon that, when it is absorbed by a hydrogen atom, excites an electron from the ground state of the hydrogen atom to the n = 2 state?

Accepted Answer

The energy of a photon is given by E = hf, where h is Planck's constant and f is the frequency of the photon. The energy difference between the ground state and the n = 2 state of the hydrogen atom is given by the Rydberg formula: E = -13.6 eV / (n^2), where n is the principal quantum number. Therefore, the energy of a photon that can excite an electron from the ground state to the n = 2 state is E = -13.6 eV / (2^2) = 10.2 eV. This is equivalent to 1.63 × 10^-18 J or 1.63 × 10^-18 Nm.

Question 3

Which one of the following is the correct electronic configuration for carbon?

Accepted Answer

Carbon has an atomic number of 6, which means it has 6 electrons. The correct electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p².

Question 4

According to Pauli's exclusion principle, how many electrons in an atom may have a particular set of quantum numbers?

Accepted Answer

Pauli's exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. Therefore, only one electron may have a particular set of quantum numbers.

Question 5

The value of a wavelength in the Balmer series is 410.2 nm. What is the value of n?

Accepted Answer

The Balmer series corresponds to electron transitions from higher energy levels to n=2. The wavelength of 410.2 nm corresponds to the transition from n=6 to n=2.

Question 6

What is the wavelength in the Balmer series corresponding to a value of n = 15?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the wavelength in the Balmer...

Question 7

The orbital angular momentum quantum number can take which of the following values for any given value of the principal quantum number, n?

Accepted Answer

The orbital angular momentum quantum number, ℓ, can take values from 0 to (n-1), where n is the principal quantum number. This is known as the azimuthal quantum number and determines the shape of the orbitals. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Option A and D are incorrect because they do not take into account the relationship between ℓ and n. Option B is incorrect because it includes the value of n, which is not a valid value for ℓ. Option E is also incorrect because it includes the value of (n+1), which is again not a valid value for ℓ.

Question 8

What type of spectrum is produced when a high energy electron beam is incident on a metal target producing X-rays?

Accepted Answer

When high energy electrons hit a metal target, they produce X-rays that consist of a continuous spectrum due to bremsstrahlung radiation and characteristic line spectra due to the excitation of inner shell electrons in the metal atoms.

Question 9

Bohr's atomic theory predicted energy levels for hydrogen of E_n = -(2 π²k²e⁴ m)/(hn)². If instead we place 1 electron in "orbit" about a bare nucleus of atomic number Z, how do you expect Z to be incorporated into the E_n formula and why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bohr's atomic theory predicted energy levels for...

Question 10

According to the quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom, if the orbital angular momentum quantum number is ℓ, there will be how many permitted magnetic quantum numbers?

Accepted Answer

According to the quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom, the magnetic quantum number (m) can take on values from -ℓ to ℓ, in integer steps. Therefore, there are 2ℓ + 1 permitted magnetic quantum numbers.

Question 11

According to the quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom, if the principal quantum number is n, how many different orbital angular momentum quantum number(s) are permitted?

Accepted Answer

The orbital angular momentum quantum number ranges from 0 to n-1, so there are n possible values.

Question 12

Which one of the following properties of the beam of light applies to a laser beam?

Accepted Answer

A laser beam is coherent, meaning the waves of light are in phase with each other and travel in a narrow, concentrated beam. This is one of the defining characteristics of a laser beam.

Question 13

The emission of light of lower frequency after illumination by a higher frequency is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation, typically of a higher frequency.

Question 14

Which one of the following is the correct electronic configuration for the sodium atom?

Accepted Answer

The electronic configuration of a sodium atom (atomic number 11) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹.

Question 15

Which one of the following is true for the wavelength of the photon emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from the n_i = 70 state to the n_f = 2 state as compared to the wavelength of the photon emitted when the electron jumps from the n_i = 4 state to the n_f = 2 state?

Accepted Answer

The wavelength of the photon emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from one energy level to another is given by the formula λ = hc/ΔE, where λ is the wavelength, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and ΔE is the change in energy between the initial and final states. The change in energy between the n_i = 70 state and the n_f = 2 state is much larger than the change in energy between the n_i = 4 state and the n_f = 2 state. Therefore, the wavelength of the photon emitted from the higher energy state will be shorter than the wavelength of the photon emitted from the lower energy state.

Question 16

Which of the following values are associated with the electron spin quantum number, m_s?

Accepted Answer

The electron spin quantum number can have two values, +1/2 or -1/2. Therefore, the correct values associated with the provided notation are ±1/2.

Question 17

The value of a wavelength in the Balmer series is 372.1 nm. What is the value of n?

Accepted Answer

The Balmer series corresponds to transitions where the final energy level is n=2. Using the Rydberg formula for hydrogen, 1/λ = R_H (1/2² - 1/n²), and solving for n with λ = 372.1 nm, we find n ≈ 14.

Question 18

If a hydrogen atom originally in a state with principal quantum number n is excited to state n' = 2n, then

Accepted Answer

When a hydrogen atom is excited to a higher state, its radius increases and its binding energy decreases. However, the specific relationship between the increase in radius and the decrease in binding energy depends on the specific excited state. In this case, if the atom is excited from a state with principal quantum number n to state n' = 2n, the radius will increase by a factor of 2. This is because the radius of a hydrogen atom is proportional to n^2, so doubling n will result in a 2^2, or 4-fold, increase in radius. However, the binding energy will decrease by a factor of 1/4, since the binding energy is proportional to 1/n^2. Thus, the correct answer is D: the radius will quadruple and the binding energy will be reduced by a factor of four.

Question 19

Consider the Bohr Theory Hydrogen atom.
(a) How much energy is needed to cause a transition of an electron from the 2 nd excited state to the 3rd excited state?
(b) What wavelength photon just has enough energy to initiate the transition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the Bohr Theory Hydrogen atom.
(a) How...

Question 20

Consider the Bohr Theory Hydrogen atom in the 2 nd excited state.
(a) Determine the binding energy (eV) of the electron.
(b) What is the radius of the electron orbit?
(c) How far is it from the next higher excited orbit?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the Bohr Theory Hydrogen atom in...

Quiz 31: Atomic Physics