Question 1

Over the past 20 years,property crime rates have:

Accepted Answer

Property crime rates have declined over the past 20 years, according to statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). This includes a decrease in burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft.

Question 2

The "mark of Cain" stigmatizes someone as a(n):

Accepted Answer

The "mark of Cain" refers to a biblical story where Cain is marked by God after killing his brother Abel, signifying a curse or stigma for wrongdoing, particularly associated with evil or sin rather than theft, victimhood, or murder specifically.

Question 3

Glynn was driving home from work one evening when he was struck and killed by a drunk driver.Glynn is the ________ victim in this incident.

Accepted Answer

Glynn was directly and immediately affected by the actions of the drunk driver, he is therefore considered the primary victim in this incident.

Question 4

From the mid-1960s to the early 1980s,crime rates increased,mostly due to:

Accepted Answer

The baby boomers, born between the mid-1940s and mid-1960s, began reaching their mid-teen years during the mid-1960s to early 1980s. With a large population of young people, there was a corresponding increase in crime rates. This was known as the "youth bulge" phenomenon.

Question 5

Beth is a college student who has twice been the victim of sexual assault.Beth has experienced:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Beth is a college student who has...

Question 6

Glynn was driving home from work one evening when he was struck and killed by a drunk driver.Glynn's family is the ________ victim in this incident.

Accepted Answer

Glynn's family is considered the secondary victim in this incident because they are indirectly affected by the harm done to Glynn, the primary victim, through his death caused by the drunk driver.

Question 7

Glynn was driving home from work one evening when he was struck and killed by a drunk driver.Glynn's wife and immediate family members are called:

Accepted Answer

Survivors are the family members and loved ones of someone who has died, in this case, due to the actions of a drunk driver.

Question 8

The word victimology can be traced back to:

Accepted Answer

The term victimology was first used in the 1940s by a European criminologist named Benjamin Mendelsohn. He used the term to describe a new field of study that focused on the victims of crime, rather than just the criminals themselves. Since then, victimology has become an important part of criminology and criminal justice studies.

Question 9

The purpose of rape crisis centers is to:

Accepted Answer

Rape crisis centers typically provide a range of services to support and assist victims of sexual assault, including counseling, advocacy, and legal guidance. They may also offer resources for self-defense or other preventative measures, but the primary focus is on providing comprehensive support to those who have experienced sexual violence. Therefore, the best choice is D, which encompasses all of these functions.

Question 10

The word victimology was coined by:

Accepted Answer

The term victimology was first used by Benjamin Mendelsohn in the mid-1940s. Mendelsohn argued that the study of victims was a distinct field of criminology, separate from the study of offenders. This marked the beginning of the modern era of victimology.

Question 11

Sarah recently became the victim of an armed robbery.She was walking to her car at night after working late when a man forced her,at gunpoint,to turn over her purse and withdraw money from her bank account using her ATM card.Sarah did not suffer any physical injuries.However,she has flashbacks of the robbery and has become mentally unstable.Sarah is suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Sarah is experiencing psychic trauma, which is a psychological response to a traumatic event. This is characterized by symptoms such as flashbacks, anxiety, and difficulty coping with daily life. The other answer options do not accurately describe Sarah's situation. Vicarious trauma refers to the emotional impact of hearing about someone else's trauma, victim recidivism refers to someone who becomes a victim again, and compassion fatigue refers to burnout that can occur in professional helpers who work with traumatized individuals.

Question 12

During the 1960s and 1970s,influential social movements such as the women's rights movement,civil rights movement,and the gay rights movements focused on ________ and paved the way for victims' rights movements.

Accepted Answer

These movements emphasized protection of the disadvantaged, utilized nonviolent protest methods, and fought for equal opportunity, collectively contributing to the broader framework of social justice that would include victims' rights movements.

Question 13

Jennifer recently lost her home to a hurricane.She is now suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder.Jennifer is most likely receiving ________ to treat her posttraumatic stress.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jennifer recently lost her home to a...

Question 14

Victim recidivism is also known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Recidivism refers to the tendency for individuals to reoffend. Therefore, victim recidivism, also known as repeat victimization, refers to the tendency for individuals to be victimized multiple times. Option A is not correct as it refers to the capability of the victim to survive the victimization. Option B is also incorrect as secondary victimization refers to the victimization that occurs as a result of the response of the criminal justice system or others after the initial victimization. Option D is incorrect as primary victimization refers to the first instance of victimization.

Question 15

The shift from a victim focus to a witness focus during the 1800s can be attributed to:

Accepted Answer

The shift from a victim focus to a witness focus can be attributed to the Industrial Revolution as it brought changes in the legal system, and witnesses became more important in establishing evidence of wrongdoing. This shift can be seen in the development of modern police and court systems during the 1800s. The other options mentioned (Civil War, civil rights movement, Revolutionary War) do not directly relate to this shift in focus.

Question 16

One of the first governmental agencies to fund research and programs for victims was the:

Accepted Answer

LEAA stands for Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, which was a governmental agency that was established in 1968 to provide financial assistance to local law enforcement agencies. One of the agency's goals was to fund research and programs for victims of crime. Therefore, A) LEAA is the correct choice. The CIA (B) and FBI (C) are not primarily focused on funding programs for crime victims, but rather on law enforcement and national security. UCR (D) refers to Uniform Crime Reports, which are statistics on crime rates rather than an agency that funds research and programs for victims.

Question 17

The Code of Hammurabi required ________ to be restored between an offender and a victim after the commission of a crime.

Accepted Answer

The Code of Hammurabi required equity, or fairness, to be restored between an offender and a victim after the commission of a crime. This often involved the payment of compensation or damages to the victim or their family. While concepts like justice and retribution were also important in the Code, the focus on restoring equity was particularly notable. Impulse is not relevant to the Code of Hammurabi's approach to criminal justice.

Question 18

Beth is a college student who has been the victim of sexual assault.After she was assaulted,Beth contacted her university's counseling center,where she was able to receive various services,such as counseling,legal advocacy,and contact with an individual who specifically works with victims to address their unique needs.Beth has received ________ from her university's counseling centers.

Accepted Answer

Beth has received victim services from her university's counseling center, which includes counseling, legal advocacy, and support specifically for victims.

Question 19

Which of the following would be an example of the equity requirement of the Code of Hammurabi?

Accepted Answer

The equity requirement in the Code of Hammurabi states that the punishment should fit the crime. In this case, the punishment for murder is execution, which is an appropriate penalty for the severity of the crime. Options A and B do not involve punishment that is directly proportional to the offense committed, while option D involves imprisonment for life which could be perceived as either too harsh or too lenient depending on the circumstances of the crime.

Question 20

Which tool offers indications that there are more than twice as many victims as reported by the Uniform Crime Reports?

Accepted Answer

Victimization surveys offer a more accurate picture of crime than Uniform Crime Reports, as they allow researchers to directly ask individuals about their experiences with crime. This method has consistently shown that there are more crime victims than what is reported in official police records, often over twice as many. Self-report surveys also offer this indication, but they focus more on an individual's own involvement in criminal activity rather than victimization. The National Crime Database and police reports rely on official records, so they may not capture the full extent of crime victimization.

Quiz 14: Understanding and Helping Victims