Question 1

Community studies typically employ which research technique?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Community studies typically employ which research technique?
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Question 2

The study of the interaction between the physical environment and social life is called

Accepted Answer

Human ecology is the study of the relationship between the physical environment and social life. Environmentalism is a social and political movement focused on protecting the environment, but it does not necessarily involve the study of the interaction between the environment and society. The green revolution refers to a period of agricultural innovation, and local studies could refer to any research conducted on a specific geographical community.

Question 3

The fact that urban infrastructure and amenities are typically of a much higher standard in the more prosperous areas of the city reflects the fact that ________ plays a major role in urban development.

Accepted Answer

The fact that only more prosperous areas have higher standard infrastructure and amenities is a clear indication of class inequality in urban development. The distribution of resources and amenities is not based on rational calculation, but rather on the economic and social status of the residents of certain areas in the city. Corruption and misguided policies can also contribute to urban inequality, but they are not as directly related to the phenomenon described in the question.

Question 4

People find dilapidated buildings unappealing and choose to live in areas that are well-maintained.This is an example of which level of analysis of the physical environment?

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Question 5

From the perspective of human ecology,the development of cities

Accepted Answer

The development of cities depends heavily on the physical environment, including factors such as topography, water supply, and access to resources for construction and energy. Human ecology recognizes the importance of understanding the interactions between human society and the natural environment, and city development is no exception. While funding and founder preferences may play a role, they are secondary factors in comparison to the environmental constraints and opportunities that shape urban growth.

Question 6

Efforts to rehabilitate and upgrade a declining neighborhood for the purposes of attracting higher-income residents is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Gentrification refers to the process of renovating or improving deteriorating urban neighborhoods, usually with the aim of attracting higher-income residents and businesses, which often leads to the displacement of longtime residents and changes in the neighborhood's social and cultural character. Urban upgrade, urban investment, and beautification can also contribute to gentrification, but do not fully capture the complex economic, social, and political dynamics involved in the process.

Question 7

The growth machine is driven primarily by

Accepted Answer

The growth machine theory emphasizes the pursuit of profit as the primary driving force behind urban development. Cities and urban areas are seen as economic entities that are focused on generating economic growth and creating opportunities for profit. Rational planning, cultural attitudes, and the war on poverty may all be factors that influence urban development, but they are typically seen as secondary to the profit motive.

Question 8

According to Emile Durkheim,urban societies are based on an interdependent network of specialized social roles.This type of social cohesion is called ________ solidarity.

Accepted Answer

Durkheim notes that in urban societies, people are connected by a complex web of specialized social roles, rather than by the common values and beliefs that characterize rural, "mechanical" societies. This type of social cohesion is referred to as "organic" solidarity, in which individuals are bound together by their interdependence and the division of labor.

Question 9

Hull House was known for its pioneering efforts in

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Question 10

In an urban neighborhood,people feel a sense of a community because they do not live in isolation.They are not self-sufficient.They depend heavily on others for food,services,entertainment,education,healthcare,etc.This is an example of ________ solidarity.

Accepted Answer

The described situation is an example of organic solidarity, which is based on people's interdependence and specialization in a complex society. It contrasts with mechanical solidarity, which is based on similarity and shared values in a simpler society. The other options are not relevant or are incorrect. Urban solidarity is not a recognized concept, instrumental solidarity refers to support for a common goal, and rational solidarity is not a recognized term.

Question 11

The perspective of human ecology holds that the physical environment impacts social life on which level?

Accepted Answer

The perspective of human ecology suggests that the physical environment impacts social life on all levels, including micro level (individuals and their immediate surroundings), meso level (small groups and neighborhoods), and macro level (the larger social, political, and economic systems).

Question 12

When powerful business and political interests work together to promote urban development,often at the expense of the poor and those without a political voice,sociologists refer to this urban phenomenon as

Accepted Answer

Growth machines refer to the coalition between powerful business and political interests that work together to promote urban development, often without regard for the needs and interests of marginalized groups or those without political power.

Question 13

The growth machine benefits developers at the expense of

Accepted Answer

The growth machine model prioritizes the interests of developers and other business leaders over the concerns of ordinary citizens and local residents. This can result in negative impacts on communities, such as displacement of homeowners and small businesses, increased traffic and pollution, and reduced access to affordable housing and public services. While the growth machine may generate increased tax revenue for local governments in the short term, these benefits are often outweighed by the long-term costs of uncontrolled development. Additionally, the growth machine may inhibit public projects by prioritizing private development over community needs.

Question 14

Formal community studies have their roots in the work of

Accepted Answer

Formal community studies have their roots in the work of Jane Addams, who founded the Hull House in Chicago in 1889. Addams and her colleagues conducted extensive research on the community and its social problems, which helped to establish community studies as a legitimate field of inquiry. While Durkheim, Tönnies, and Weber are all important figures in sociology, they focused more on larger social structures and institutions rather than on specific communities.

Question 15

From the perspective of human ecology,the built environment in cities reflects and reinforces cultural values.Which of the following is an example of this perspective?

Accepted Answer

Skyscrapers are often associated with business and financial success, which is a cultural value in many societies. The tall buildings represent power, competition, and achievement. This reflects how urban areas prioritize economic progress and the role of corporations in shaping the built environment.

Question 16

Why did (and do)city newcomers typically gravitate toward ethnic enclaves?

Accepted Answer

City newcomers gravitated towards ethnic enclaves because they sought support and cohesion. Living among people of similar ethnic and cultural backgrounds helped them navigate the challenges of living in a new and unfamiliar environment, and provided a sense of community and belonging. This was especially important for immigrants who faced language barriers and other forms of discrimination.

Question 17

The inner-city area is fundamentally different from the suburbs.Which of the following reflects the focus of the perspective of human ecology in understanding the differences?

Accepted Answer

Human ecology focuses on the relationship between humans and their physical environment, including population density. The inner-city area is characterized by a high population density, which is fundamentally different from the suburbs. Predominant ethnicity, cultural values, and crime levels may also contribute to the differences but do not reflect the primary focus of human ecology.

Question 18

The patterns of urban growth reflect

Accepted Answer

The answer of The patterns of urban growth reflect
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Question 19

From the perspective of human ecology,the analysis of distinct urban areas focuses on their

Accepted Answer

The analysis of urban areas from the perspective of human ecology focuses on their function, or how the urban area is used and interacts with its environment. This includes factors such as land use, employment opportunities, transportation infrastructure, and access to resources. Formal boundaries, district political affiliation, and dominant ethnicity may have some influence on the function of the urban area, but they are not the primary focus of human ecology analysis.

Question 20

The sociological perspective that studies urban environments with an emphasis on the role of politics,economics,and power is called

Accepted Answer

The new urban sociology perspective specifically focuses on the study of urban environments with an emphasis on politics, economics, and power. The other choices, such as environmental sociology and the structural perspective, may touch on elements of urban environments but do not specifically center on urban power dynamics. The Chicago School is a historical perspective within urban sociology that focuses on the study of cities and urban communities, but it does not emphasize politics, economics, and power as strongly as the new urban sociology perspective.

Quiz 15: Communities, the Environment, and Health