Question 1

The Patient Self-Determination Act requires providers of services under Medicare and Medicaid to do which of the following

Accepted Answer

Explination: The Patient Self-Determination Act requires providers of services under Medicare and Medicaid to inform patients of their rights to appoint a health care proxy and draw up written instructions regarding treatment. This ensures that patients have the ability to make their own healthcare decisions and have them honored, even if they become incapacitated. Refusing admission or determining length of stay are not requirements of this act, and while documenting the patient's wishes is important, it is not the specific mandate of the Patient Self-Determination Act.

Question 2

The living will is a

Accepted Answer

A living will is a type of advance directive. It is a legal document that specifies the medical treatment a person wishes to receive, or not receive, if they are unable to make those decisions due to illness or incapacity. It expresses the person's wishes about life-sustaining treatment, such as artificial respiration or tube feeding, and can also address issues such as palliative care and pain management. Unlike a traditional will, a living will is not concerned with the distribution of assets after death.

Question 3

In the medical management of pain, what rule states that a harmful effect of treatment, even if it results in death, is permissible if the harm is not intended and occurs as a side effect of a beneficial action

Accepted Answer

The Rule of Double Effect states that a harmful effect of treatment, even if it results in death, is permissible if the harm is not intended and occurs as a side effect of a beneficial action. This ethical principle is often applied in the medical management of pain, where medications may have side effects like respiratory depression that could potentially be lethal, but the overall goal of pain relief is considered beneficial.

Question 4

A codicil relates to

Accepted Answer

A codicil is a legal document that amends, modifies, or supplements an existing will. It is used to make minor changes to a will, such as adding or deleting a beneficiary or changing an executor, without having to completely rewrite the will.

Question 5

According to Barton Bernstein, the first legal stage in cases of terminal illness

Accepted Answer

According to Barton Bernstein, the first legal stage in cases of terminal illness involves the patient in long-range planning and arranging legal and financial affairs. This suggests that the patient is still alive and able to participate in making legal decisions for their future. Therefore, option B is the best choice. Options A, C, and D all refer to legal stages that occur after the patient's death.

Question 6

Which industrialized countries are identified in the text as permitting euthanasia to patients who request death
1)United States and Japan
2)Netherlands and Belgium
3)Belgium and Luxembourg
4)United Kingdom and Japan

Accepted Answer

The text explicitly states that the countries that permit euthanasia to patients who request death are the Netherlands and Belgium, as well as Luxembourg, which is not explicitly mentioned but can be inferred since it is stated that "three countries in Europe have legalized euthanasia." The United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom are not mentioned as permitting euthanasia to patients who request death.

Question 7

In May 2013, which state senate passed and the governor signed the Patient Choice and Control at End-of-Life Act

Accepted Answer

The Patient Choice and Control at End-of-Life Act was passed by Vermont's state senate in May 2013 and signed by the governor.

Question 8

What document combines a living will and a health care power of attorney

Accepted Answer

A Five Wishes document combines a living will and a health care power of attorney. It allows an individual to specify their end-of-life wishes and designate a trusted person to make healthcare decisions on their behalf if they are unable to do so. The document is legally binding in most states in the US.

Question 9

An advanced directive is best defined as

Accepted Answer

An advanced directive is a legal document that allows a person to make decisions about their future medical treatment in advance, in case they become unable to make or communicate choices for themselves. It can include instructions regarding the use of life-support measures, palliative care, and organ donation. It is an important tool for ensuring that a person's wishes are respected and followed, even if they are no longer able to express them.

Question 10

Which state became the first to adopt a Natural Death Act giving legal recognition to the living will

Accepted Answer

California became the first state to adopt a Natural Death Act in 1976, giving legal recognition to living wills. This allowed individuals to make advance directives about their healthcare preferences in case they become unable to make decisions for themselves.

Question 11

Which state was the first to give legal recognition to the living will

Accepted Answer

California was the first state to give legal recognition to the living will through the California Natural Death Act of 1976. This legislation allowed individuals to make advance directives regarding their healthcare preferences, including the refusal of life-sustaining treatment.

Question 12

Which organization created the Five Wishes document

Accepted Answer

The Five Wishes document was created by Aging with Dignity, a nonprofit organization focused on providing resources for end-of-life care planning. The document is a legal advance directive that allows individuals to specify their wishes for medical treatment, personal, spiritual, and emotional support, and the distribution of their assets after death.

Question 13

What type of will is made orally

Accepted Answer

A nuncupative will is a will that is made orally, rather than in writing. It is often made in emergency situations, such as on a battlefield or during a terminal illness, and must meet certain legal requirements to be valid. It is also known as a "deathbed" or "oral" will.

Question 14

A living will allows an individual to

Accepted Answer

A living will is a legal document that outlines an individual's wishes for medical treatment in the event they become unable to make decisions for themselves. One of the primary functions of a living will is to allow individuals to refuse life-sustaining treatment such as feeding tubes or ventilators if they are terminally ill and have no hope for recovery. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 15

Which of the following statements presents a case against euthanasia using the "wedge" or "slippery slope" argument

Accepted Answer

The "wedge" or "slippery slope" argument suggests that by allowing a certain practice, it may lead to the allowance of other practices that are considered immoral or unethical. Statement A presents this argument against euthanasia, suggesting that allowing it may pave the way for other immoral acts. Statements B, C, and D present different arguments against euthanasia but not using the "wedge" or "slippery slope" argument.

Question 16

Which act allows physicians to prescribe lethal medication to terminally ill patients

Accepted Answer

The Oregon Death with Dignity Act (ODDA) allows physicians to prescribe lethal medication to terminally ill patients who meet certain criteria, such as having a prognosis of six months or less to live. This act has been in effect in Oregon since 1997 and has since been adopted by several other states.

Question 17

Who provided aid-in-dying to more than 100 people and led a crusade to legalize physician-assistant suicide

Accepted Answer

Jack Kevorkian, also known as Dr. Death, provided aid-in-dying to more than 100 people and led a crusade to legalize physician-assisted suicide.

Question 18

Euthanasia comes from the Greek

Accepted Answer

Euthanasia comes from the Greek word "eu" which means "good" or "easy" and "thanatos" which means "death." Therefore, the most accurate definition of euthanasia is "an easy or gentle death," making B the best choice.

Question 19

Which of the following is a statement by a competent person about choices for medical treatment, should he or she become unable to make such decisions or communicate them in the future

Accepted Answer

An advance directive is a legal document that allows a competent person to make choices about their medical treatment in the future if they become unable to make such decisions or communicate them. It is an important tool to ensure that a person's wishes are respected and followed, even if they are unable to advocate for themselves.

Question 20

According to Barton Bernstein, the second legal stage in cases of terminal illness involves which of the following activities

Accepted Answer

The second legal stage in cases of terminal illness involves notifying medical personnel if the dying patient intends to make an organ donation or anatomical gift. This is an important step to ensure the patient's wishes are carried out and proper arrangements can be made. Options A, B, and C may be relevant in other stages of the process, but not specifically in the second legal stage.

Quiz 6: End-Of-Life Issues and Decisions