Question 1

Which of the following therapies emphasizes the challenging of irrational,unrealistic beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive behavior therapy emphasizes the challenging of irrational and unrealistic beliefs as a way of changing negative emotions and maladaptive behaviors. This approach was developed by Albert Ellis and is based on the idea that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected, and that by changing our thoughts, we can change how we feel and behave. Multi-modal therapy, dialectical-behavior therapy, and prolonged-exposure therapy do not focus primarily on challenging irrational beliefs.

Question 2

Rational-emotive therapy is associated with _____;cognitive-behavioral approach with _____.

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy is associated with Albert Ellis, while cognitive-behavioral approach is associated with Aaron Beck.

Question 3

Person-centered therapy was developed in the _____ by _____.

Accepted Answer

Person-centered therapy was developed in the 1950s by Carl Rogers.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the strengths of the cognitive approach to treatment?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive approach is not necessarily focused on deep insight into one's life, but rather on identifying and changing distorted thinking patterns that contribute to emotional and behavioral problems. While gaining insight may be a side effect of therapy, it is not the primary goal.

Question 5

In person-centered therapy,the therapist:

Accepted Answer

In person-centered therapy, the therapist provides unconditional positive regard, which means the therapist accepts the client for who they are without judgment or criticism. The therapist does not challenge the client's irrational statements, but instead empathizes with them and helps create an environment where the client can explore their thoughts and feelings without fear of rejection. The therapist also does not teach cognitive appraisal techniques or use the token system to monitor behavior.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is false regarding behavior therapy?

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy is not based on psychoanalytic ideas. It is based on the principles of learning theory and emphasizes the role of environmental factors in shaping behavior.

Question 7

Therapy in which the goal is to reach one's potential for self-actualization is known as _____ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Person-centered therapy, also known as client-centered therapy, was developed by Carl Rogers with the goal of helping individuals achieve self-actualization by providing a supportive, non-judgmental, and empathetic environment in which they can explore and develop their own sense of self. Self-help, interpersonal, and group therapies may have different goals and approaches.

Question 8

In _____ appraisal,clients are asked to evaluate situations,themselves,and others in terms of their memories,values,beliefs,thoughts,and expectations.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches cognitive appraisal, which involves evaluating situations and experiences based on cognitive processes such as memories, values, beliefs, and expectations. Psychodynamic appraisal would focus more on unconscious processes and conflicts, behavioral appraisal would focus on observable behavior and consequences, and humanistic appraisal would focus on subjective experiences and personal growth.

Question 9

How is cognitive therapy different from rational-emotive therapy?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy and rational-emotive therapy (RET) are both forms of cognitive-behavioral therapy that focus on changing negative thinking patterns. However, RET is often more confrontational and directive, while cognitive therapy is less confrontational and more collaborative. RET also tends to focus more on changing beliefs and attitudes, while cognitive therapy focuses more on changing thoughts and behaviors.

Question 10

Characteristics of cognitive treatment approaches include each of the following EXCEPT that:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive treatment approaches are typically structured and goal-oriented, with specific techniques and interventions used to address concrete problems. The therapist is an active collaborator in the process, working with the client to identify and challenge negative thought patterns and beliefs. However, cognitive treatment approaches are typically not long-term, with most treatments lasting anywhere from 8-20 sessions.

Question 11

Which of the following alternatives correctly illustrates a term in Ellis's A-B-C model?

Accepted Answer

According to Ellis's A-B-C model, irrational beliefs lead to emotional consequences. Choice D illustrates an irrational belief, "I will never get a good score in my test."

Question 12

_____ is a form of therapy that attempts to restructure a person's belief system into a more realistic,rational,and logical set of views by challenging dysfunctional beliefs that maintain irrational behavior.

Accepted Answer

The description given in the question matches the principles of rational-emotive behavior therapy. This therapy theory was developed by Albert Ellis and focuses on identifying and challenging irrational beliefs that lead to mental distress and dysfunctional behavior patterns. The goal is to replace these irrational beliefs with rational and constructive thoughts.

Question 13

According to humanistic therapists,psychological disorders result from:

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapists believe that psychological disorders result from a lack of self-awareness, the inability to find meaning in life, and a disconnection from others. They focus on helping individuals to improve their self-esteem, find their purpose in life, and develop more positive relationships. They do not see psychological disorders as resulting from unconscious conflicts, irrational thought patterns, or faulty learning.

Question 14

_____ therapy is therapy in which the underlying rationale is that people have control of their behavior,can make choices about their lives,and are essentially responsible for solving their own problems.

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach emphasizes an individual's ability to make choices and control their own behavior. It views the person as a whole rather than focusing on specific behaviors or thought patterns. This approach encourages individuals to take responsibility for their own actions and work towards self-actualization.

Question 15

_____ evidence shows that behavioral treatments can produce actual changes in brain functioning,which suggests that behavioral treatments can produce changes beyond external behavior.

Accepted Answer

Neuroscientific evidence refers to research conducted on the brain, which has shown that behavioral treatments can lead to changes in brain functioning. This suggests that behavioral treatments can produce changes beyond just external behavior. Psychodynamic and cognitive approaches may also produce changes in behavior, but they do not necessarily involve the same level of neuroscientific evidence. Hearsay refers to information that is not based on firsthand knowledge or evidence, so it is not relevant to this question.

Question 16

_____ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional notions about the world and themselves.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive treatment approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, focus on changing a person's thought patterns or cognitive processes to improve their emotional and behavioral functioning. This involves identifying and challenging negative or irrational beliefs and replacing them with more positive and adaptive ones. Psychodynamic approaches focus on unconscious processes, behavioral approaches focus on changing behavior through reinforcement and punishment, and humanistic approaches focus on self-actualization and personal growth.

Question 17

How might one best respond to the charge that behavior therapy produces only a superficial change in external behavior?

Accepted Answer

Neuroscientific evidence has shown that behavioral treatments produce actual changes in the functioning of the brain. This suggests that these treatments go beyond just producing superficial changes in external behavior and actually create lasting changes in the individual's internal functioning.

Question 18

_____ is said to occur when therapists imparting certain basic social skills to their clients maintain eye contact and act assertively.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning occurs when individuals learn by watching the behaviors of others and the outcomes of those behaviors. In the context of therapy, when therapists model basic social skills such as maintaining eye contact and acting assertively, clients can learn these behaviors through observation.

Question 19

Person-centered therapy is a specific type of _____ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Person-centered therapy is a humanistic therapy that focuses on respecting and accepting the individual's unique experience and promoting their self-awareness and self-acceptance. It emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic relationship and the client's ability to become their own agent of change.

Question 20

_____ approach is a treatment approach that incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral approach focuses on changing negative or maladaptive thoughts and behaviors by using techniques based on principles of learning and cognitive psychology. This approach is especially effective in treating anxiety disorders, depression, and certain personality disorders.

Quiz 13: Treatment of Psychological Disorders