Question 1

Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation?
A) An athlete practices for long hours because she loves to run.
B) A doctor sees more patients to make more money.
C) A social worker spends more time with the elderly because she likes to be with them.
D) A student reads many books on religion because she is very interested in religious studies.

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation involves doing something to receive a reward or avoid a punishment. In this case, the doctor is motivated to see more patients because of the financial reward, which is an example of extrinsic motivation. The other choices involve intrinsic motivation, where the individual is motivated by personal enjoyment or interest in the activity itself.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
A) Intrinsic motivation causes us to do something for money,a grade,or some other concrete,tangible reward.
B) Extrinsic motivation causes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment rather than for any concrete,tangible reward that it will bring us.
C) In some cases,providing rewards for desirable behavior actually may decrease intrinsic motivation.
D) We are more apt to persevere,work harder,and produce work of higher quality when motivation for a task is extrinsic rather than intrinsic.

Accepted Answer

Providing extrinsic rewards for desirable behavior may sometimes decrease intrinsic motivation because it shifts the focus from the enjoyment or satisfaction of the activity itself to the reward, which can make the activity feel like a chore. The other options (A, B, and D) are not accurate descriptions of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Question 3

Which approach to motivation is correctly matched with one or more psychologists?
A) Instinct theory-Horney
B) Drive-reduction approach-Maslow
C) Hierarchy of needs-Hull
D) Self-determination theory- Deci and Ryan

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which approach to motivation is correctly matched...

Question 4

Which approach to motivation is incorrectly paired with its description?
A) Drive-reduction-Motivation reflects the lack of basic biological necessity.
B) Arousal-Motivation reflects the attempt to maintain a certain level of stimulation.
C) Incentive-Motivation reflects the desire to attain external rewards.
D) Cognitive-Motivation reflects the role of instincts.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-Motivation relates to the role of thoughts and mental processes in shaping and directing behavior, not instincts.

Question 5

Of the following individuals,whose behavior may most easily be explained using the arousal approach to motivation?
A) Artie,who loves to bungee jump
B) Barry,who buys an expensive watch he can't resist
C) Callista,who studies long hours to earn good grades
D) Brooke,who sleeps extra hours after having had a tiring week at work

Accepted Answer

The arousal approach to motivation seeks to explain behavior as a result of individuals seeking to maintain an optimal level of physiological arousal. Artie's love for bungee jumping suggests that he seeks out activities that stimulate him and keep him at an optimal level of arousal.

Question 6

According to the self-determination theory,_____ is the need to produce desired outcomes.
A) development
B) autonomy
C) relatedness
D) competence

Accepted Answer

The need to produce desired outcomes falls under the competence component of the self-determination theory, which refers to the need to feel effective in one's actions. Autonomy refers to the need to feel in control of one's own behavior, relatedness refers to the need to feel connected to others, and development refers to the need to realize one's potential and growth.

Question 7

Dr.Fiore conducts a study in which two groups of participants work on challenging puzzles: one group is extrinsically motivated whereas the other is intrinsically motivated.Thus,one group is paid for its participation,while the other is not.Dr.Fiore records the length of time each participant spent working on the puzzle and how enjoyable each participant rated the puzzle.Based on the theories of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation,what might you expect?
A) The paid group would work harder on the puzzle but enjoy it less than the unpaid group.
B) The paid group would not work as hard on the puzzle and enjoy it less than the unpaid group.
C) The paid group would work harder on the puzzle and enjoy it more than the unpaid group.
D) The paid group would not work as hard on the puzzle but enjoy it more than the unpaid group.

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, those who are intrinsically motivated engage in a task for the inherent satisfaction it provides, while those who are extrinsically motivated engage in a task for the external rewards or punishments it offers. In this study, the paid group is extrinsically motivated, and so it is expected that they would not work as hard on the puzzle and enjoy it less than the unpaid group, who are intrinsically motivated. This is because the paid group's primary motivation is the external reward they receive, rather than the satisfaction from completing the puzzle.

Question 8

"Human behavior is varied and often seems unpredictable;also,people sometimes seek out extremely stimulating situations and activities." This statement is most likely that of a proponent of the _____ theory of motivation.
A) instinct
B) incentive
C) arousal
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

The statement that human behavior seeks out extremely stimulating situations and activities is consistent with the arousal theory of motivation, which holds that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal or excitement in order to enhance their performance and experience. The other options, such as instinct theory and incentive theory, do not necessarily explain the variability and unpredictability of human behavior in the same way as arousal theory.

Question 9

In _____ approaches to motivation,the desirable properties of external stimuli account for a person's motivation.
A) drive-reduction
B) arousal
C) incentive
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

In incentive approaches to motivation, a person's motivation is based on the desirable properties of external stimuli, such as rewards or positive outcomes. Drive-reduction approaches focus on reducing physiological needs, arousal approaches emphasize the level of excitement or anxiety, and cognitive approaches consider the individual's beliefs, expectations, and attitudes.

Question 10

Cognitive approaches to motivation are:
A) theories suggesting that a lack of some basic biological need produces a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need.
B) theories suggesting that we try to maintain certain levels of stimulation and activity.
C) theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals.
D) theories suggesting that motivation is a product of people's thoughts,beliefs,expectations,and goals.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive approaches to motivation focus on how a person's thoughts, beliefs, expectations, and goals impact their motivation levels. These theories suggest that people's internal cognition and evaluation of a situation can significantly impact their motivation to take action. Examples of cognitive theories of motivation include self-determination theory and goal-setting theory.

Question 11

Motivation theorists refer to external rewards people seek to obtain as:
A) stimulants.
B) incentives.
C) drives.
D) reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

Motivation theorists refer to external rewards people seek to obtain as incentives. Stimulants refer to drugs or chemicals that affect the body's systems. Drives refer to internal motivators such as hunger or thirst. Reinforcers refer to any consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Question 12

Which of the following refers to the cause that pushes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment rather than for any actual or concrete reward that it will bring us?
A) Intrinsic motivation
B) Extrinsic motivation
C) External factors
D) Observable factors

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation refers to the cause that pushes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment rather than for any actual or concrete reward that it will bring us. Option B refers to the motivation that comes from external rewards or consequences. Option C refers to factors outside of oneself, while option D refers to factors that can be seen or measured.

Question 13

Incentive approaches to motivation are:
A) theories suggesting that a lack of some basic biological need produces a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need.
B) theories suggesting that we try to maintain certain levels of stimulation and activity.
C) theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to attain external rewards.
D) theories suggesting that motivation is a product of people's thoughts,expectations,and goals.

Accepted Answer

Incentive approaches to motivation suggest that motivation stems from the desire to attain external rewards or incentives. Option A describes the drive-reduction theory, Option B describes arousal theory, and Option D describes cognitive approaches to motivation.

Question 14

How do arousal approaches to motivation differ from drive-reduction approaches?
A) Arousal approaches suggest that if our stimulation and activity levels become too low,we try to increase them.
B) Arousal approaches suggest that if our stimulation and activity levels become too high,we try to reduce them by seeking stimulation.
C) Arousal approaches emphasize the desirable qualities of internal stimuli to a greater extent than do drive-reduction approaches.
D) Arousal theories place greater emphasis on physiological needs than do drive theories.

Accepted Answer

Arousal approaches suggest that individuals seek an optimal level of arousal, and if their stimulation and activity levels become too low, they try to increase them. In contrast, drive-reduction approaches suggest that individuals are motivated to reduce internal physiological states of tension or arousal, such as hunger or thirst, by seeking out specific behaviors or actions to reduce the drive. Therefore, option A is the best choice as it accurately describes the difference between the two approaches. Option B is incorrect as it suggests an opposite pattern of behavior to what arousal approaches propose. Option C is inaccurate as both approaches consider the importance of internal stimuli. Option D is incorrect as both approaches recognize the role of physiological needs in motivation.

Question 15

Shellie takes college courses that interest her and enjoys learning for its own sake.Tori takes courses in which she is fairly certain she'll do well and studies mainly to ensure good grades.Shellie is _____ motivated,whereas Tori is _____ motivated.
A) intrinsically;extrinsically
B) internally;externally
C) extrinsically;intrinsically
D) externally;internally

Accepted Answer

Shellie is motivated by internal factors such as curiosity and personal interest, which are the characteristics of intrinsic motivation. On the other hand, Tori is motivated by external factors like grades and rewards, which are associated with extrinsic motivation.

Question 16

Which of the following sequences best expresses the order in which the needs in Maslow's pyramid must be fulfilled from the first to the last?
A) Physiological,safety,love and belongingness,esteem,and self-actualization
B) Physiological and safety,esteem,love and belongingness,self-actualization
C) Self-actualization,esteem,love and belongingness,and physiological and safety
D) Self-actualization,love and belongingness,esteem,and physiological and safety

Accepted Answer

Maslow's pyramid of needs starts with physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter. Once those needs are met, safety needs such as physical and emotional security become a priority. Then, social needs for love and belongingness come into play, followed by esteem needs for self-esteem and the esteem of others. Finally, self-actualization needs for personal growth and fulfillment are pursued. Choice A expresses this order correctly.

Question 17

According to Maslow,our highest-level need is the need for:
A) self-esteem.
B) self-efficacy.
C) self-love.
D) self-actualization.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest-level need. This refers to the desire to reach one's full potential, to be creative, and to fulfill one's purpose in life. Maslow believed that once all of our more basic needs (such as physiological needs and safety needs) are met, we are driven to pursue self-actualization.

Question 18

According to Abraham Maslow,a major prerequisite for becoming self-actualized is having:
A) all of one's lower-order needs fulfilled.
B) a major altruistic streak.
C) a very selfless nature.
D) suffered in the past so one can truly appreciate the good aspects of life.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that in order for an individual to reach self-actualization, they must first satisfy their lower-order physiological, safety, love/belonging, and esteem needs. Only once these basic needs are met can an individual focus on personal growth and reaching their full potential.

Question 19

"Dance like no one's watching.Work like you don't need the money.Love like you've never been hurt," exhorts a sign on Dr.Elliott's office door.This sign underscores the importance of _____ motivation.
A) explicit
B) intrinsic
C) implicit
D) external

Accepted Answer

The sign on the office door is encouraging individuals to find motivation from within themselves rather than from external factors such as money or the opinions of others. This type of motivation is referred to as intrinsic motivation.

Question 20

A state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potentials in their own unique way is known as _____ in Maslow's model.
A) self-reliance
B) self-actualization
C) self-efficacy
D) self-regulation

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest level of need that can be achieved by individuals. It refers to the state where individuals realize their highest potentials and achieve personal growth and fulfillment in their own unique way. Self-reliance refers to the ability to be self-sufficient, self-efficacy refers to the belief in one's own abilities, and self-regulation refers to the ability to control one's own behavior and impulses. Although these concepts may be related to self-actualization, they are not the same thing.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion

Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation?

Which of the following is true of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Which approach to motivation is correctly matched with one or more psychologists?

Which approach to motivation is incorrectly paired with its description?

Of the following individuals,whose behavior may most easily be explained using the arousal approach to motivation?

According to the self-determination theory,_____ is the need to produce desired outcomes.

"Human behavior is varied and often seems unpredictable;also,people sometimes seek out extremely stimulating situations and activities." This statement is most likely that of a proponent of the _____ theory of motivation.

In _____ approaches to motivation,the desirable properties of external stimuli account for a person's motivation.

Cognitive approaches to motivation are:

Motivation theorists refer to external rewards people seek to obtain as:

Which of the following refers to the cause that pushes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment rather than for any actual or concrete reward that it will bring us?

Incentive approaches to motivation are:

How do arousal approaches to motivation differ from drive-reduction approaches?

Shellie takes college courses that interest her and enjoys learning for its own sake.Tori takes courses in which she is fairly certain she'll do well and studies mainly to ensure good grades.Shellie is _ motivated,whereas Tori is _ motivated.

Which of the following sequences best expresses the order in which the needs in Maslow's pyramid must be fulfilled from the first to the last?

According to Maslow,our highest-level need is the need for:

According to Abraham Maslow,a major prerequisite for becoming self-actualized is having:

"Dance like no one's watching.Work like you don't need the money.Love like you've never been hurt," exhorts a sign on Dr.Elliott's office door.This sign underscores the importance of _____ motivation.

A state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potentials in their own unique way is known as _____ in Maslow's model.